By Usman Ansari  Mar 23

作者：乌斯曼·安萨里 3月23日

 

ISLAMABAD — It appears Pakistan’s Navy has acquired a Chinese-built spy ship, according to open-source intelligence analyst Damien Symon, who reviewed commercially available satellite imagery.

伊斯兰堡——据开源情报分析师米恩·西蒙称，巴基斯坦海军似乎已经获得了一艘中国制造的间谍船，他查看了商用卫星图像。

 

The intelligence gathering platform, dubbed Rizwan, is described as an “offshore supply ship” by online shipping monitor MarineTraffic. Pakistan reportedly acquired the vessel from China last year with no fanfare, and the ship was spotted during a stopover in Jakarta, Indonesia, in June 2023, while sailing home.

这艘名为“里兹万”号（Rizwan）的情报收集平台被在线航运监测机构海上交通（MarineTraffic）描述为“海上补给船”。据报道，巴基斯坦去年在没有大张旗鼓的情况下从中国购买了这艘船，2023年6月，这艘船在印度尼西亚雅加达停留时被发现，当时正在回国。

 

Analysis of recent imagery along supported by other sources suggests Pakistan has procured a new Intelligence gathering vessel from China in 2023 pic.twitter.com/fTAH3vKg4g

对最近图像的分析以及其他来源的支持表明，巴基斯坦已于2023年从中国采购了一艘新的情报收集船pic.twitter.com/fTAH3vKg4g

 

— Damien Symon (@detresfa_) March 16, 2024

It is a compact vessel some 87.2 meters long, with two large radar domes on the stern, which along with other sensors point to an intelligence gathering role.

--米恩·西蒙（@detresfa_）2024年3月16日

这是一艘约87.2米长的紧凑型船只，船尾有两个大型雷达圆顶，与其他传感器一起指向情报收集作用。

 

Neither the Pakistan Navy nor the Ministry of Defence Production, which handles military acquisitions, would discuss the ship’s role and capabilities when asked by Defense News.

当《防务新闻》询问时，巴基斯坦海军和负责军事采购的国防生产部都不会讨论该舰的作用和能力。

 

However, a source with knowledge of Rizwan’s operations, speaking on the condition of anonymity given the sensitivity of the topic, confirmed to Defense News it is an “information gathering ship.” The source declined to provide further details.

然而，一位了解“里兹万”号行动的消息人士向《防务新闻》证实，这是一艘“信息收集船”。鉴于话题的敏感性，该消息人士要求匿名。该消息人士拒绝提供更多细节。

 

Collin Koh, a senior fellow at the Singapore-based Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies think tank, said Rizwan appears to be an affordable and flexible design.

新加坡国防与战略研究所智库高级研究员高瑞连(Collin Koh)表示，“里兹万”号似乎是一种价格合理且灵活的设计。

 

He told Defense News that the ship is based on the hull of an offshore support vessel, which makes “economical sense,” and that “aside from the huge radome that should serve as the electronic intelligence array, the platform might be able to accept varying mission modules if necessary.”

他告诉《防务新闻》，该船以海上支援船的船体为基础，这具有“经济意义”，“除了巨大的雷达罩可以作为电子情报阵列外，如果必要，该平台可能能够接受不同的任务模块。”

 

The ship looks to be dimensionally comparable to Norway’s intelligence gathering vessels Eger and Marjata, Sweden’s Artemis, or Germany’s Oste class, he added.

他补充道，该船在尺寸上看起来与挪威的情报收集船埃格号和马尔贾塔号、瑞典的阿尔忒弥斯号或德国的奥斯特级相当。

 

But Koh doubts Rizwan “has the onboard power capacity for telemetry missile tracking, like those found on the Chinese Yuan Wang series.” Instead, he explained, Rizwan is likely focused on gathering electronic and signals intelligence thanks to “onboard signals processing and analysis capabilities.”

但高瑞连怀疑“里兹万”号“是否具有遥测导弹跟踪的舰载电源能力，就像在中国远望系列上发现的那样。”相反，他解释说，由于“机载信号处理和分析能力”，“里兹万”号可能专注于收集电子和信号情报。

 

He also said Rizwan’s modular configuration could support mission-specific equipment for hydrographic and oceanographic activities such as undersea gliders that can be launched from the stern deck.

他还表示，“里兹万”号的模块化配置可以支持水文和海洋活动的特定任务设备，例如可以从船尾甲板下水的水下滑翔机。

 

Pakistan probably bought Rizwan in response to recent Indian acquisitions, as the two nations are archrivals, Koh added. And due to the relatively small size of Pakistan’s Navy, a dedicated electronic and signals intelligence platform will reduce the intelligence gathering burden on the service’s aircraft, ships and submarines, he explained.

高瑞连补充道，巴基斯坦采购“里兹万”号可能是为了回应印度最近的采购，因为这两个国家是主要竞争对手。他解释说，由于巴基斯坦海军规模相对较小，一个专用的电子和信号情报平台将减轻该军种飞机、舰艇和潜艇的情报收集负担。

 

These platforms would have mainly used electronic sensory measures to capture electromagnetic emissions, but “would have little or no capacity at all to process and analyze the signals,” he said. As a dedicated platform, Rizwan could therefore better monitor Indian naval activity “while freeing up the fleet combat assets for their primary duties.”

他说，这些平台将主要使用电子传感测量来捕捉电磁发射，但“几乎没有或根本没有处理和分析信号的能力”。因此，作为一个专用平台，“里兹万”号可以更好地监测印度海军活动，“同时腾出舰队作战资产履行其主要职责”。

 

Rizwan’s acquisition should be seen in the broader context of Sino-Pakistani relations — specifically Beijing’s support for Pakistan’s military modernization efforts and attempts to keep India occupied in the Indian Ocean rather than beyond that area, said Pakistan analyst Mansoor Ahmed, an academic at Australian National University.

澳大利亚国立大学（Australian National University）学者、巴基斯坦分析人士曼苏尔·艾哈迈德（Mansoor Ahmed）表示，“里兹万”号的采购应该从中巴关系的更广泛背景来看，特别是北京对巴基斯坦军事现代化努力的支持，以及试图让印度继续在印度洋而不是印度洋以外地区的努力。

 

Alongside indigenous development as well as acquisition and production programs with the Dutch and Turkish governments, Chinese help is instrumental in advancing elements of Pakistan’s naval modernization plan. Such support is seen in Pakistan’s Hangor II submarines, long-range unmanned combat drones and anti-ship missiles.

除了国内开发以及与荷兰和土耳其政府的收购和生产计划外，中国的帮助也有助于推进巴基斯坦海军现代化计划。这种支持体现在巴基斯坦的汉果尔 II级潜艇、远程无人作战无人机和反舰导弹上。

 

“These and other projects will help plug gaps in fleet air defense, battle management, [electronic warfare], and [intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance] for a potent [anti-access/area denial] capability through three surface task groups operating in the Arabian Sea,” Ahmed said.

艾哈迈德说：“这些项目和其他项目将有助于填补舰队防空、作战管理、[电子战]和[情报、监视和侦察]方面的空白，通过在阿拉伯海活动的三个水面任务组，增强[反进入/区域拒止]能力。”。

 

They will also transform Pakistan’s Navy into a “regional maritime force and will significantly reduce the overall asymmetry with the Indian Navy,” Ahmed added. It will also help keep India’s Navy “effectively engaged in ways that it will not be able to spare a large part of its assets for deployment beyond the [Indian Ocean region].”

艾哈迈德补充说，他们还将把巴基斯坦海军转变为“地区海上部队，并将显著减少与印度海军的整体不对称性”。它还将帮助印度海军“有效地投入其中，无法将大部分资产用于印度洋地区以外的部署。”