By Rudy Ruitenberg

Thursday, Jun 20, 2024

作者：鲁迪·瑞滕伯格

2024年6月20日星期四

 

French Army Chief of Staff Gen. Pierre Schill inspecting a Rapid Eagle anti-drone system at the Eurosatory defense show in Paris on June 19, 2024 (RUDY RUITENBERG/DEFENSE NEWS)

2024年6月19日，法国陆军参谋长皮埃尔·席尔将军在巴黎的欧洲防务展上查看快速鹰反无人机系统（鲁迪·鲁丁伯格/国防新闻）

 

PARIS — The advantage now enjoyed by small aerial drones on battlefields including in Ukraine is but “a moment in history,” French Army Chief of Staff Gen. Pierre Schill said at the Eurosatory defense show in Paris.

巴黎——法国陆军参谋长皮埃尔·席尔l将军在巴黎举行的欧洲防务展上表示，小型无人机现在在包括乌克兰在内的战场上享有的优势只是“历史上的一个时刻”。

 

While anti-drone systems are lagging and “leave the sky open to things that are cobbled together but which are extremely fragile,” countermeasures are being developed, Schill told reporters during a tour of the French Army stand at the show June 19. Already today, 75% of drones on the battlefield in Ukraine are lost to electronic warfare, the general said.

席尔在6月19日参观法国陆军展台时告诉记者，虽然反无人机系统滞后，“让天空对拼凑在一起但极其脆弱的东西敞开大门”，但正在制定对策。这位将军说，今天，乌克兰战场上75%的无人机已经死于电子战。

 

”The life of impunity of small, very simple drones over the battlefield is a snapshot in time,” Schill said. “Right now it’s being exploited, that’s clear, and we have to protect ourselves. Today, the sword, in the sense of the aerial drone, is powerful, more powerful than the shield. The shield is going to grow.”

席尔说：“战场上小型、非常简单的无人机逍遥法外的生活是时间的快照。”，“很明显，现在它正在被利用，我们必须保护自己。今天，从无人机的意义上讲，剑是强大的，比盾牌更强大。盾牌会越来越大。”

 

This year’s edition of Eurosatory featured dozens of anti-drone systems, including shotguns, cannons and missiles, while companies including Safran, Thales and Hensoldt presented soft-kill solutions to eliminate drones by electronic means. Schill said vehicles in France’s Scorpion collaborative combat program will all be anti-drone systems in two years time, linking their detection capability with turrets that can fire a missile or a 40mm airburst grenade.

今年的欧洲航天展展出了数十种反无人机系统，包括霰弹枪、大炮和导弹，而赛峰集团、泰雷兹和亨索特等公司则展示了通过电子手段消除无人机的软杀伤解决方案。席尔说，法国“蝎子”协同作战计划中的车辆将在两年内全部成为反无人机系统，将其探测能力与可以发射导弹或40毫米空爆榴弹的炮塔联结起来。

 

First-person view drones currently carry out about 80% of the destruction on the front line in Ukraine, when eight months ago those systems weren’t present, according to Schill. The general said that situation won’t exist 10 years from now, and the question could be asked whether that might already end in one or two years. Schill cited the example of the Bayraktar drone, “the king of the war” at the start of the conflict in Ukraine but no longer being used because it’s too easy to scramble.

席尔表示，第一人称视角无人机目前在乌克兰前线执行了约80%的破坏任务，而八个月前这些系统还不存在。这位将军表示，10年后这种情况将不复存在，人们可能会问，这种情况是否会在一两年内结束。席尔引用了“旗手”（Bayraktar）无人机的例子，它是乌克兰冲突开始时的“战争之王”，但由于太容易扰码而不再使用。

 

The general said he doesn’t consider that the war in Ukraine calls into question the French choice of a maneuvering army built around medium armor, with a focus on speed and mobility. The vehicles that the Army is introducing as part of the Scorpion program -- the Griffon, Serval and Jaguar – can be equipped with either active or passive protection, even if a strong emphasis of mine protection means they’re “quite massive.”

这位将军表示，他不认为乌克兰战争会质疑法国选择以中等装甲为基础、注重速度和机动性的机动军队。陆军作为蝎子计划的一部分推出的车辆——狮鹫、薮猫和捷豹——可以配备主动或被动防护，即使对地雷防护的强烈强调意味着它们“相当庞大”。

 

Griffons, Servals

狮鹫、薮猫

 

The French Army is receiving around 120 Griffons and 120 Servals every year as part of Scorpion, as well as more than 20 Jaguars. The vehicles are equipped with “extremely powerful” information systems, and a vehicle such as the Griffon may contain more lines of code than a Rafale fighter jet, according to Schill.

作为蝎子的一部分，法国陆军每年接收约120辆狮鹫和120辆薮猫，以及20多辆美洲虎。席尔表示，这些车辆配备了“极其强大”的信息系统，像狮鹫这样的车辆可能比阵风战斗机包含更多的代码行。

 

Vehicles developed before the Scorpion program, such as the Leclerc main battle tank, are being reconfigured to become part of the collaborative combat system, which for example allows a target detected by one vehicle to be attacked by another. Scorpion was “extremely ambitious,” works, and has met expectations, according to Schill.

在蝎子计划之前开发的车辆，如勒克莱尔主战坦克，正在重新配置成为协作战斗系统的一部分，例如允许一辆车检测到的目标被另一辆车攻击。据希尔说，蝎子“非常雄心勃勃”，并且达到了预期。

 

“Everything we had planned is perfectly in place, but it’s just a question of cost effectiveness on certain capabilities,” the general said.Something not considered five years ago is the rapid development of microprocessors, which means the gathered data can now be analyzed within the vehicle rather than externally. In combination with on-board artificial intelligence, that will allow for capabilities such as immediate threat detection, including of drones.

这位将军说：“我们计划的一切都很完美，但这只是某些能力的成本效益问题”。五年前没有考虑到的是微处理器的快速发展，这意味着收集到的数据现在可以在车内而不是车外进行分析。结合机载人工智能，这将实现即时威胁检测等功能，包括无人机。

 

When looking to draw lessons from Ukraine, there needs to be a distinction between what is situational and related the type of terrain and battles being fought, and what is structural, the general said. The war in eastern Europe doesn’t mean the issues of the past 30 years around risk and crisis management will disappear. “We must remain a versatile army.”

这位将军说，在从乌克兰吸取教训时，需要区分什么是情境性的，与正在进行的地形和战斗类型相关，什么是结构性的。东欧的战争并不意味着过去30年围绕风险和危机管理的问题会消失。“我们必须保持一支多面手的军队。”

 

The French choice has been to not separate the army into distinct parts suited for different theaters, for example an intervention army that is agile and mobile and a mechanized armor army prepared to fight a war like the one in Ukraine today, with “perhaps more rugged, lowered vehicles, but which, when they hit a mine will kill crews.”

法国的选择是不将军队分成适合不同战区的不同部分，例如一支灵活机动的干预军队和一支准备打一场像今天乌克兰战争这样的战争的机械化装甲军队，“也许有更坚固、更低的车辆，但当它们撞到地雷时会杀死乘员。”

 

Schill said he wants to preserve the “warrior aspect” of the French army, in which every soldier is aware they can be deployed in operation, rather than a soldier in a territorial defense army “who will never do anything.”

席尔说，他希望保留法国军队的“战士方面”，即每个士兵都知道他们可以在行动中部署，而不是领土防卫军中的士兵“永远不会做任何事情”。

 

The pace of military drone development means that Army can’t commit to large buying programs, because an acquired capability can become obsolete in five months, according to the general. Schill said today’s drones fly better than those two or three years ago, with more computing power onboard that is capable of terrain-based navigation or switching frequencies to escape jamming.

这位将军说，军用无人机的发展速度意味着陆军不能承诺大规模的购买计划，因为获得的能力可能会在五个月内过时。席尔说，今天的无人机比两三年前飞得更好，机载计算能力更强，能够进行基于地形的导航或切换频率以躲避干扰。

 

Drones can’t be compared to 155mm shells, which can be stocked and will remain relevant in 10 years time, and the Army needs to find “the right system in this fast-moving world of new technology,” Schill said. The challenge is creating an industrial model that can produce in mass if necessary, and sufficiently standardized.

席尔说，无人机不能与155毫米炮弹相提并论，155毫米炮弹可以储存，并在10年内保持相关性，陆军需要在这个快速发展的新技术世界中找到“合适的系统”。挑战在于创造一种工业模式，在必要时可以大规模生产，并充分标准化。

 

Future buying of electronic gear such as drones but also small radios and smart phones may be done in batches to allow for technology evolution, for example renewing equipment at the brigade level rather than multiple-year programs to equip the entire Army with a new piece of equipment, Schill said.

席尔说，未来购买无人机等电子设备以及小型无线电和智能手机可能会分批进行，以适应技术发展，例如在旅一级更新设备，而不是为整个陆军配备新设备的多年计划。

 

‘Just not possible’

“根本不可能”

 

The general also commented on the future French-German Main Ground Combat System, which will consist of several vehicles, some of them manned and others automated, combining anti-drone weapons, close-defense anti-aircraft capabilities, missiles and a canon. Putting all of that on a single tank would create a vehicle weighing 80 metric tons, which “is just not possible.”

这位将军还对未来的法德主战系统发表了评论，该系统将由几辆车组成，其中一些是载人的，另一些是自动的，结合了反无人机武器、近身防御防空能力、导弹和大炮。将所有这些放在一个坦克上将产生一辆重达80吨的车辆，这“根本不可能”

 

Development of the system is going to 10 to 15 years because the land-based robotics are “not completely mature yet,” according to Schill.Schill said he doesn’t know whether the right main gun for the future tank system will be 120mm, 130mm or 140mm, saying that will depend on issues such as stealth and mobility requirements, as well as what the gun bore would add in terms of penetration. KNDS, which is involved in the MGCS program, presented a gun that can swap its barrel to fire either 120mm or 140mm shells.

席尔表示，该系统的开发将需要10到15年的时间，因为陆基机器人“还没有完全成熟”。席尔说，他不知道未来坦克系统的正确主炮是120毫米、130毫米还是140毫米，他说这将取决于隐形和机动性要求等问题，以及火炮口径在穿透力方面会增加什么。KNDS参与了MGCS项目，提出了一种可以交换炮管发射120毫米或140毫米炮弹的火炮。

 

The French Leclerc tank probably won’t get a second upgrade beyond the current XLR version being rolled out, according to the general. He said the French-German agreement is for the next-generation system in 2040, making the Leclerc question a secondary issue.

这位将军表示，除了目前推出的XLR版本外，法国勒克莱尔坦克可能不会进行第二次升级。他说，法德协议是针对2040年的下一代系统，这使得勒克莱尔问题成为次要问题。

 

It’ll be in France’s interest to piggyback on any capability additions made by the United Arab Emirates, another Leclerc user, between now and 2040 as a way to finance intermediate innovations, Schill said. The introduction of the MGCS won’t immediately mean the end of the Leclerc, which the general expects to be in service in the French Army until 2045.

席尔说，从现在到2040年，法国有兴趣利用勒克莱尔的另一个用户阿拉伯联合酋长国增加的任何能力，为中间创新提供资金。MGCS的引入并不意味着勒克莱尔的终结，这位将军预计勒克莱尔将在法国陆军服役到2045年。

 

About Rudy Ruitenberg

关于鲁迪·瑞滕伯格

 

Rudy Ruitenberg is a Europe correspondent for Defense News. He started his career at Bloomberg News and has experience reporting on technology, commodity markets and politics.

鲁迪·鲁伊滕伯格是《国防新闻》的欧洲记者。他的职业生涯始于彭博新闻社，拥有报道有关技术、大宗商品市场和政治的经验。