July 27, 2022

2022年7月27日

 

Emerging uncrewed threats in the underwater domain bring new challenges for port and littoral security.

水下领域新出现的未经遏制的威胁给港口和沿海安全带来了新的挑战。

 

The Sentinel acoustic monitoring system is capable of detecting and subsurface threats. Credit: Forcys

哨兵（Sentinel）声学监测系统能够探测和探测水下威胁。来源：Forces公司

 

Emerging uncrewed threats in the underwater domain bring new challenges for port and littoral security. Ioseba Tena, commercial director at Forcys, outlines some of the key factors those in the maritime sector should consider.

水下领域新出现的未经遏制的威胁给港口和沿海安全带来了新的挑战。Forces公司的商业总监伊奥塞巴•蒂纳概述了海事部门应该考虑的一些关键因素。

 

Drones have changed the shape of recent conflicts. So much so that allied forces are working against the clock to deliver countermeasures facing up to a vast range of platforms, from small, homemade devices to large, sophisticated uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. These threats have evolved quickly, and forces have had to ensure they have the agility to respond in time.

无人机已经改变了最近冲突的形式。以至于盟军正在努力对抗各种平台，从小型自制设备到大型复杂的无人飞行器（UAV）平台。这些威胁发展迅速，部队必须确保他们有敏捷性及时反应。

 

It doesn’t stop there, it is quickly becoming evident that the underwater space is no longer solely the domain of large, crewed submarine platforms. New actors are quickly emerging including autonomous uncrewed underwater vehicles (UUVs), which bring an entirely new challenge to your subsea defence operations.

这还不止于此，很快就很明显，水下空间不再仅仅是大型载人潜艇平台的领域。新的参与者正在迅速出现，包括无人驾驶水下航行器（UUV），这给你的水下防御行动带来了全新的挑战。

 

Should the development of these UUV platforms reflect even half the pace at which aerial drones evolved, it becomes critical that allied forces are fore armed with the technologies and expertise they need to counter these threats.

如果这些无人潜航器平台的发展速度甚至是无人机发展速度的一半，那么盟军必须具备应对这些威胁所需的技术和专业知识。

 

An ever-evolving threat landscape

不断演变的威胁格局

 

Uncrewed platforms in the underwater domain present an entirely new set of difficulties for friendly forces. To complicate matters further, the environment is almost the perfect blend of protection measures for potential foes where they benefit from cover from subsea terrain and noise, as well as naturally occurring fauna, animals and debris.

水下领域的无人值守平台给友军带来了一系列全新的困难。更为复杂的是，环境几乎是潜在敌人的保护措施的完美结合，他们可以从海底地形和噪音以及自然存在的鱼群、动物和残骸中获益。

 

Coupled with the fact that threats could range from anything from a sole diver to a large UUV, this makes detection and classification a seemingly insurmountable challenge leaving your vessels, assets and crews extremely vulnerable to attacks.

再加上威胁可能从单人潜水员到大型无人潜航器不等，这使得探测和分类成为一个似乎无法克服的挑战，使您的船只、资产和船员极易受到攻击。

 

Although there is still no clear evidence of UUVs taking an offensive role in underwater conflicts, this does not mean that navies can rest on their laurels. The fact is that these platforms are continually evolving and new subsea platforms designs will soon be operational. This means that your countermeasures and detection technologies have to be able to keep with the pace of these new capabilities.

尽管目前还没有明确的证据表明无人潜航器在水下冲突中发挥了进攻作用，但这并不意味着海军可以安于现状。事实上，这些平台正在不断发展，新的海底平台设计很快就会投入使用。这意味着你的对抗措施和探测技术必须能够跟上这些新能力的步伐。

 

Surface vs subsea environments

水面环境与水下环境

 

In busy ports and harbours, vessels and crews are under substantial danger, with traditional detection systems like cameras and radars offering very little visibility underwater if at all. This makes the reliable detection of underwater intruders of any form a notoriously tricky problem, but in the case of subsea drones that are small and extremely quiet, it can seem almost impossible. Fortunately, acoustic sonar systems can be deployed to stand up to them.

在繁忙的港口，船只和船员面临着巨大的危险，相机和雷达等传统探测系统在水下的能见度很低。这使得可靠地检测任何形式的水下入侵者成为一个出了名的棘手问题，但就小型且极其安静的水下无人机而言，这似乎几乎是不可能的。幸运的是，声学声纳系统可以用来对抗它们。

 

Confined spaces in ports and harbours are notoriously difficult, noisy acoustic environments. The vessels themselves are sources of noise as they come and go. In addition, shallow waters create a complex thermal structure affecting the sound velocity profile that in turn limits the performance of your acoustic systems.

港口的密闭空间是出了名的困难、嘈杂的声学环境。船只本身就是来来往往的噪音来源。此外，浅水会产生复杂的热结构，影响声速剖面，进而限制声学系统的性能。

 

Only by making the right design choices, it is possible to detect hostiles using sonar. Once a target is detected, it must also be classified and distinguished from marine fauna, otherwise potential foes could be missed, or crews sent to investigate harmless objects in dangerous environments. Telling apart a harbour seal from a terrorist diver or UUV is a determination that must be made correctly, or the consequences could be dire.

只有做出正确的设计选择，才有可能使用声纳探测敌人。一旦探测到目标，还必须对其进行分类，并将其与海洋动物区分开来，否则可能会错过潜在的敌人，或者派遣工作人员调查危险环境中的无害物体。将海豹与恐怖潜水员或无人潜航器区分开来是一个必须正确做出的决定，否则后果可能是可怕的。

 

Knowledge is power

知识就是力量

 

Understanding the threat landscape in the undersea domain is vital to help track, identify and accurately classify detections. It’s not just sonar returns that are of interest, their behaviour and signal patterns help to make well-rounded decisions on targets.

了解海底领域的威胁格局对于帮助跟踪、识别和准确分类探测至关重要。感兴趣的不仅仅是声纳回波，它们的行为和信号模式有助于对目标做出全面的决定。

 

Working with our technology partners, Forcys offers expert insight to address these challenges. Forcys brings together capabilities that deliver remote, autonomous, and networked detection, identification, and classification of underwater threats. This means that as a customer you get improved situational awareness and actionable data.

Forcys公司与我们的技术合作伙伴合作，提供专业见解来应对这些挑战。Forces公司汇集了提供远程、自主和网络化水下威胁检测、识别和分类的能力。这意味着，作为客户，您可以获得更好的态势感知和可操作的数据。

 

With effective threat detection and classification in place, navies are best able to keep assets and personnel safe on operations. By combining our in-depth technical knowledge and understanding of the underwater environment with our ability to analyse, identify and classify a range of new threats, you can stay one step ahead of potential foes and ensure safe operations anywhere in the world.

有了有效的威胁检测和分类，海军就能够在行动中确保资产和人员的安全。通过将我们对水下环境的深入技术知识和理解与我们分析、识别和分类一系列新威胁的能力相结合，您可以领先潜在敌人一步，确保在世界任何地方的安全行动。