Electronic Weapons: Chinese Hummers Listen

电子武器：中国悍马监听车辆

Date:2020-06-05 Source:strategypage By:Globalmil Viewed:

June 4, 2020: Recent photos of Chinese units out on training exercises showed something new, several Dongfeng Mengshi (Hummer variant) 6x6 vehicles with box-like structure on the cargo bed that apparently contain electronic equipment and two 10 meter (32 foot) telescoping masts that, when extended display a number of electronic monitoring devices. The configuration of the sensors indicate communications or radar signal monitoring and location finding. The vehicles were accompanying a combat brigade so it seems likely this was a test of this signal monitoring and location finding for Chinese troops in a combat situation.
2020年6月4日：中国部队在训练演习中拍摄的最新照片显示了一些新东西，东风猛士（悍马（Hummer）改型）6x6车辆在货箱上呈盒状结构，显然装有电子设备和两个10米（32英尺）伸缩式桅杆，在延伸时会显示许多电子监控设备。传感器的配置指示通信或雷达信号监视和定位。这些车辆都伴随有一个战斗旅，因此这似乎是对中国部队在战斗情况下的信号监控和定位的一次试验。

Chinese hummer-like vehicles are popular with Chinese and foreign special operations troops but are only occasionally used for special military tasks, like these electronic monitoring vehicles. These 6x6 trucks weigh six tons and can carry about 1.2 tons of cargo. The telescoping masts weigh about 100 kg (220 pounds) each and carry about as much at the top of the mast. There’s room in the box-like cargo compartment for at least one operator plus additional electronics. These 6x6 vehicles can generate enough electricity while stationary to power the electronics.
中国悍马式车辆在中外特种作战部队中很受欢迎，但像电子监控车辆，仅偶尔用于特殊军事任务。这些6x6卡车重6吨，可运载约1.2吨货物。 伸缩式桅杆每个重约100千克（220磅），并且在桅杆顶部承载的重量大致相同。箱现货舱中有足够的空间供至少一名操作员和其他电子设备。这些6x6的车辆在停驻时可以产生足够的电能，为电子设备供电。

Telescoping masts have been around since before World War II, mainly for obtaining longer range radio communications. During World War II some mobile military headquarters uses the telescoping masts to maintain communications with distant sub-units. These mast vehicles could also be used as radio relay links or for intelligence work like radio direction finding to locate enemy units that were using radio communications. These uses of telescoping masts continued after World War II but in the 1990s the availability of powerful and sturdy digital video cameras enabled another use. Canada for example, developed a recon (Coyote RVSS) version of its 17 ton LAV II 8x8 wheeled armored vehicle in the late 1990s that used the telescoping mast for video surveillance. These were used in Afghanistan since 2002 and proved enormously useful by doing long range surveillance for Taliban and al Qaeda gunmen. The Coyote reconnaissance system was mounted on a wheeled armored vehicle. The recon gear consists of a nine meter (30 foot) telescoping mast that contains a Doppler radar, laser rangefinder, thermal imaging sensor, and video camera. The mast mounted sensors can see clearly out to 15 kilometers and identify targets (day or night) for artillery or air attack. The radar can spot targets out to 24 kilometers but can only distinguish vehicle types (wheeled, tracked) beginning at about 12 kilometers. Other nations used similar systems.
自第二次世界大战之前开始，伸缩桅杆就出现了，主要是为了获得更远距离的无线电通信。在第二次世界大战期间，一些机动军事总部使用伸缩式桅杆与远处的子单位保持通信。这些桅杆车辆还可以用作无线电中继链路或用于情报工作，例如无线电定向，以定位使用无线电通信的敌方部队。伸缩式桅杆的这些运用在第二次世界大战后仍在继续，但是在1990年代，功能强大且坚固的数码摄像机的出现使另一种用途得以实现。例如，加拿大在1990年代后期开发了侦察（土狼（Coyote） RVSS）型号的17吨LAV II 8x8轮式装甲车，该车使用伸缩式桅杆进行视频监控。自2002年以来，这些装置就已在阿富汗使用，并且通过对塔利班和基地组织的枪手进行远程监视而被证明具有极大的帮助。土狼侦察系统安装在轮式装甲车上。侦察装置由一个九米（30英尺）的伸缩桅杆组成，该桅杆包含多普勒雷达，激光测距仪，热成像传感器和视频摄像机。安装在桅杆上的传感器可以清楚地看到15公里远的距离，并识别炮兵或空袭的目标（昼或夜）。雷达可以发现目标的最大距离为24公里，但只能大约12公里开始区别车辆类型（轮式，履带式）。其他国家使用了类似的系统。

The Chinese found they could put such a telescoping EW (Electronic Warfare) system on an even smaller vehicle and choose one of few locally produced hummer type vehicles that the Chinese military uses. The Chinese armed forces did not buying a lot of these vehicles perhaps a few thousand or so a year at most. Civilian versions became popular with Chinese consumers and export customers. The most popular of these hummer clones comes from Dongfeng, which initially produced some hummers under license. Dongfeng has since produced a number of hummer variants, including armored models equipped to handle RWS (remote weapons systems). These were nicknamed Mengshi (“east wind warrior). The latest of these, the CSK-181 is an eight ton armored hummer design similar to the new American JLTV. One characteristic of the Chinese hummers is the built-in night vision cameras (one in front and one in the back with a flat-screen display for the driver to use) and satellite navigation system. A lighter, unarmored, hummer version of the CSK-181 was used for this new EW vehicle.
中国人发现他们可以在一个甚至更小的车辆上安装这样的可伸缩电子战电子战（EW）系统，并选择中国军队使用的为数不多的国产的悍马型车辆之一。中国军队最多每年可能购买数千辆左右的此类车辆。民用版本在中国消费者和出口客户中很受欢迎。这些悍马仿造中最受欢迎的是东风，该公司最初在许可下生产了一些悍马。此后，东风制造了许多悍马改型，包括装备用于处理RWS（远程武器系统）的装甲型。这些人的绰号为“猛士”（“东风战士”）。其中最新的CSK-181是八吨装甲悍马设计，类似于新型美国JLTV。中国悍马的一个特点是内置夜视摄像头（一个在前，一个在后排，配有一台平面显示器供驾驶员使用）和卫星导航系统。这种新的EW战车使用了更轻，没有装甲的CSK-181悍马版本。

China openly copies a lot of foreign military equipment designs, often in many variations because multiple manufacturers get involved. The Chinese military thought the American hummer (HMMWV) was a useful design but did not adopt it widely. Instead Chinese troops use a legal version (because of a joint manufacturing deal) of the Jeep Cherokee, but a bit larger. This BJ2022 vehicle comes in two versions, with one being a bit longer and serving as something similar to the old American ¾ ton truck. Most of the BJ2022 are basically much updated World War II American jeep designs that borrow much from SUV and four-wheel drive innovations. The basic version can carry a payload of 500 kg (half ton) and seats four. The longer version carries 750 kg and seats up to eight. These are four-wheel drive vehicles have manual transmissions and are mainly used on roads or flat terrain. For jobs requiring slightly larger tactical vehicles with more carrying capacity the Dongfeng hummer variants are preferred.
中国公开复制了许多外国军事装备的设计，通常会有很多变化，因为有多家制造商参与其中。中国军方认为美国悍马（HMMWV）是一种有用的设计，但并未得到广泛采用。取而代之的是中国军队使用的是吉普切诺基的合法版本（由于双方的联合制造协议），但更大一些。这种BJ2022车辆有两种版本，一种更长一些，与旧的美国¾吨卡车类似。大多数BJ2022基本上都是经过更新的第二次世界大战美国吉普车设计，该设计大量借鉴了SUV和四轮驱动的创新技术。基本型号可以携带500千克（半吨）的有效载荷，并可以容纳四个座位。更长的版本可承载750公斤的重量，最多可容纳8人。这些是具有手动变速器的四轮驱动车辆，主要用于道路或平坦地形。对于需要更大载具的战术车辆的工作，首选东风悍马改型。

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