Type 035 Ming class submarine

中国035型"明"级常规潜艇

Date:2020-04-04 Source:wikia By:Globalmil Viewed:

Type 035 Ming class submarine
 
The Type 035 submarine (NATO reporting name: Ming class) is a class of diesel-electric submarines of the People's Liberation Army Navy. The Type 035 is a heavily improved redesign of the older Type 033 Romeo-class submarines, which were built in China from 1962 to 1984.
035型潜艇（NATO报告名称：Ming级）是中国人民解放军海军的柴电潜艇。035型是对1962年至1984年在中国建造的老式033型“罗密欧”级潜艇的重大改进。
 
Background
背景
 
In 1963, under the 1950 Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, the Soviet Union passed to China the necessary design details in order to produce Romeo-class submarines.The Chinese variant became known as the Type 033 Romeo class, of which China built a total of 84 between 1962 and 1984.
1963年，根据1950年《中苏友好，同盟和互助条约》，苏联将生产“罗密欧”级潜艇的必要设计细节转移给中国，中国改型为033型“罗密欧”级潜艇。在1962年至1984年间，中国总共建造了84艘。
 
During 1970s, China's ambition to create an indigenous submarine industry lead to the commissioning of Wuhan Ship Development and Design Institute (701 Institute) to design and build an improved submarine based on the Type 033 hull, named the Type 035 Ming class.Two Type 035 boats were completed by 1974.
1970年代，由于中国建立国产潜艇产业的雄心壮志，武汉船舶开发设计院（701研究所）投入使用，设计并建造了以033型船体为基础的改进型潜艇，命名为035型“明”级。两艘035型潜艇于1974年完成。
 
Further improvements were deemed necessary and by the early 1980s a new and improved design, named the Type 035A Ming class were produced.The first of these improved "A" models entered service in 1982, with three more under construction.The latter three boats were completed and commissioned by 1990.
认为有必要进行进一步的改进，到1980年代初期，建造出了经过改进的新设计，即035A“明”级。首批改进的“ A”型于1982年进入服役，另外三艘同时在建造中。 于1990年完成并投入服役。
 
The Type 035G Ming class is the most numerous variant. A total of 12 were built and commissioned between 1990 and 1999.They were built with further improvements, especially in terms of noise reduction, weapons, sensors and crew living standards. The PLAN refer to this sub-class as, "new wine in an old bottle". Two boats of the Type 035A were upgraded to same standard as the Type 035G.
035G“明”级是最多的改型。在1990年至1999年期间，总共建造和服役了12艘，并且在进一步改进方面进行了建造，特别是在降噪，武器，传感器和机组人员生活水平方面。PLAN将此子类别称为“旧瓶中的新酒”。两艘035A型被升级为与035G型相同的标准。
 
The most modern design variant is the Type 035B Ming class, which features a redesigned conning tower and portions of the hull, giving it a very similar appearance to the newer Type 039 submarines. Type 035B are capable of launching land attack cruise missiles from their torpedo tubes. A total of four boats were commissioned between 2000 and 2003.
最现代化的设计型号是035B“明”级，它具有重新设计的指挥舰桥和一部分艇体，使其外观与更新的039型潜艇非常相似。035B型能够从鱼雷管发射对地攻击巡航导弹。在2000年至2003年之间，共有四艘投入服役。
 
Variants
改型
 
Type 035: First unit of the Ming-class submarine, with construction of two units begun simultaneously in October 1969 in Wuchang Shipyard and Jiangnan Shipyard. The general designer was Wei Xumin (魏绪民). The most significant difference between Type 035 Ming class and Type 033 Wuhan class is that the former is driven by a single shaft instead of twin shafts of the latter. Trials completed in October 1974 and this first unit (original pennant number 162, but later changed to 232) built at Jiangnan Shipyard entered Chinese service in the following month.
035型：“明”级潜艇的第一艘，于1969年10月在武昌造船厂和江南造船厂同时开始建造两艘。总设计师是魏绪民。035型“明”级和033型“武汉”级之间的最大区别是，前者由单轴驱动，而不是后者的双轴驱动。试验于1974年10月完成，在江南造船厂建造的第一艘单位（最初的弦号：162，后来改为232）在第二个月进入中国服役。
 
Type 035A: The second unit of the Ming-class submarine with pennant number 342 was built at Wuchang Shipyard, and many problems were discovered during its trials. As a result, the Chinese navy ordered 701st Institute to perform a major redesign, which not only solved the problem, but also increased the top speed by 40% to 18.3 knots (33.9 km/h; 21.1 mph). The redesigned boat was completed in June 1980, and finally entered Chinese service on December 24, 1982, with a new designation of Type 035A. In December 1983, the decision was made to stop the production of a new Type 033-class boat and replace it with a Type 035A. After the completion of the first Type 035A in 1982, the production of Type 035 briefly halted, until 1987, when the production restarted again and 3 more units were completed before the production ended in 1990.
035A型：“明”级潜艇的第二阶段单位，弦号：342，在武昌船厂建造，在试验中发现了许多问题。结果，中国海军命令第701研究所进行了重大的重新设计，这不仅解决了问题，而且将最高时速提高了40％，达到18.3节（33.9公里/小时； 21.1英里/小时）。重新设计的潜艇于1980年6月完成，并于1982年12月24日正式服役，并新命名为035A型。1983年12月，决定停止生产新的033型潜艇，并用035A型取代。在1982年第一批035A型完成后，035型的建造暂时停止，直到1987年，建造再次重新开始，在1990年建造结束之前又完成了3艘单位。
 
ES5C: Export version of Type 035/035A, with updated fire control system to launch acoustic homing torpedoes. There is no known export, but the design was used to upgrade Type 035/035A fleet.
ES5C：035 / 035A型的出口型号，具有更新的火控系统，可发射声导的鱼雷。 没有已知的出口，但是该设计用于升级035/035A型舰队。
 
ES5D: further development of ES5C for export, with capability to launch anti-ship missiles while submerged added. As with its predecessor ES5C, there is no known export but the design was used to upgrade Type 035/035A fleet.
ES5D：用于出口的ES5C的进一步开发，具有下潜后发射反舰导弹的能力。 与以前的ES5C一样，没有已知的出口，但是该设计用于升级035 / 035A型舰队。
 
Type 035G: Program begun in 1985, and the first unit with pennant number 356 was launched in 1989, entering service in December 1990, and state certification received in 1993. This is the first Type 035 series to have anti-submarine (ASW) capability. The primary weaponry for Type 035G is Yu-3 torpedo, and French sonar DUUX-5 and its Chinese-built version were used on later units, 12 of which were completed between 1990 and 1999. The last unit with pennant number 308 was lengthened by 2 meters (6 ft 7 in) to add a section for AIP tests.
035G型：该计划始于1985年，第一艘弦号356于1989年下水，1990年12月投入使用，并于1993年获得国家认证。这是第一个具有反潜（ASW）能力的035型系列。035G型的主要武器是Yu-3鱼雷，后来的单位使用了法国声纳DUUX-5及其中国制造的型号，其中12艘在1990年至1999年之间完成。最后一艘弦号：308加长了 2米（6英尺7英寸）增加一个用于AIP测试的区段。
 
ES5E: Export version developed from Type 035G, with ability to launch wire-guided torpedoes added, but there is no known export.
ES5E：从035G型开发的出口型号，具有发射线制导鱼雷的功能，但没有已知的出口。
 
Type 035ET: French sonar system and its equivalent Chinese version on ES5E export version of Ming was expensive, so a cheaper alternative was developed, using Italian sonar systems, the JP-64 active sonar and Velox passive sonar of the Toti-class submarine. However, this failed to attract any buyers and the unit went into Chinese service instead.
035ET型：法式声纳系统和在“明”级的ES5E出口型号上等效的中国型号价格昂贵，因此使用意大利声纳系统，Toti级潜艇的JP-64有源声纳和Velox被动声纳开发了一种更便宜的替代品。 但是，这未能吸引任何买家，该型号改为进入中国服役。]
 
ES5F: Export version with integrated sonar system that integrates previously separated active, passive ranging, flank (and towed upon customer's request) sonar into one.
ES5F：带有集成声纳系统的外销型号，该系统将以前分离的主动，被动测距，侧面（并应客户要求拖曳）声纳整合为一体。
 
Type 035B: First batch of four completed between 2000 through 2003, and additional order followed sometimes later. Conning tower and certain portion of hull was redesigned, with new structure similar to that of Type 039 submarine. This type was capable of launching land attack cruise missiles from torpedo tubes.
035B型：首批四艘在2000年至2003年之间完成，有时还会再订购。重新设计了指挥舰桥和某些部分艇体，其新结构类似于039型潜艇。 这种型号能够从鱼雷管发射对地攻击巡航导弹。

Boats of the class
潜艇类别
The following are the pennant numbers of each boat, according to their type:
以下是根据类型划分的每艘的弦号：
 
Type 035 Ming class (ES5C): 232 and 233
Type 035A Ming class: 352, 353 and 354
ES5D: 342
Type 035G Ming class (ES5E): 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 305, 306, 307 and 308
Type 035B Ming class (ES5F): 309, 310, 311, 312 and 313
035型“明”级（ES5C）：232和233
035A“明”级：352、353和354
ES5D：342
035G型“明”级（ES5E）：356、357、358、359、360、361、362、363、305、306、307和308
035B型“明”级（ES5F）：309、310、311、312和313
 
Exports
出口
 
Bangladesh Navy – Bangladesh Navy has ordered two off the shelf Type 035G submarines from China in 2013 worth $203 million. The boats underwent refit in China. The Bangladesh Navy took delivery on 14 November 2016 of its first submarines. Bangladesh Navy ship names and pennant numbers of the submarines are BNS Nabajatra (S 161) and BNS Joyjatra (S 162) respectively.They were commissioned on 12 March 2017.
孟加拉国海军–孟加拉国海军已于2013年从中国订购了两架035G型潜艇，价值2.03亿美元。这些潜艇在中国进行了改装。孟加拉国海军于2016年11月14日接收了其第一艘潜艇。孟加拉国海军潜艇的命名和弦号分别为BNS Nabajatra（S 161）和BNS Joyjatra（S 162）。它们于2017年3月12日服役。

 
Class overview
级别概述
 
Name:      Ming class
Builders: 
Wuchang Shipyard
Jiangnan Shipyard
Operators:       
 People's Liberation Army Navy
 Bangladesh Navy
Preceded by:    Type 033 (Romeo class)
Succeeded by: Type 039 (Song class)
In commission:         
Type 035 1974-1990s
Type 035A 1982–present
Type 035G 1990–present
Type 035B 2000–present
Completed:     
2 Type 035
4 Type 035A
12 Type 035G
5 Type 035B
Active:     
10 Type 035G
5 Type 035B
Lost:          1 Type 035G
Retired:  
2 Type 035
4 Type 035A
命名：”明“级
建造厂：
武昌船厂
江南造船厂
操作：
中国人民解放军海军
孟加拉国海军
之前：033型（“罗密欧”级）
后续：039型（“宋”级）
服役：
035型 1974-1990年
035A型 1982年-至今
035G型 1990年-至今
035B型 2000年至今
已退役：
2艘035型
4艘035A
12艘035G
5艘035B
现役：
10艘035G型
5艘035B
失去：
1艘035G
退役：
2艘035
4艘035A

 
General characteristics
一般特征
 
Type:         Attack submarine
Displacement: 2,110 tonnes (submerged)
Length:    76 m (249 ft)
Beam:      7.6 m (25 ft)
Draft:       5.1 m (17 ft)
Depth:      7.6 m (25 ft)
Propulsion:       Type E390ZC-1 diesel engine, 5,200 hp (3,900 kW)
Speed:      18 knots (33 km/h) (submerged)
Test depth:       300 m (980 ft)
Complement:   57
Armament:      533 mm (21 in) torpedo tubes
类型：攻击型潜艇
排量：2,110吨（水下）
长度：76米（249 ft）
艇宽：7.6米（25 ft）
吃水线：5.1米（17 ft）
艇高：7.6米（25 ft）
推进：E390ZC-1型柴油发动机，5,200 hp（3,900 kW）
航速：18节（33 km / h）（水下）
测试潜深：300米（980英尺）
总数：57艘
装备：533毫米（21英寸）鱼雷管

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