Support: Cellphone Service Everywhere and Anywhere

支援：随时随地提供手机服务

Date:2020-04-15 Source:strategypage By:Globalmil Viewed:

April 15, 2020: In a major technological breakthrough an American firm, Lynk Global, conducted several demonstrations in February, before numerous industry experts, in which one of the three new Lynk LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellites successfully enabled an ordinary cellphone in the U.S. to send text messages via that satellite 500 kilometers away to other another cellphone in the Falkland Islands (in rth South Atlantic). Standard earth based cell towers have a maximum range of 35 kilometers and there are not enough cell towers to cover the entire planet. Lynk eliminate the problems an estimated 750 million cellphone users have each day in not being able to get a signal. Lynk can also provide cellphone service to over a billion people who live in areas without access to cell phone networks. Lynk is literally a cell tower in space that sends 2G signals to any cellphone below. Initially Lynk will provide global texting service. As the satellite technology is improved voice calls will be available as well. Lynk does not make ground based cell tower obsolete because these local cell towers can provide high-speed service needed to access most of what is on the Internet. Other firms have developed satellite based Internet service but these require special, but small and inexpensive, equipment to access them. Lynk will work with any of the existing five billion cellphones. Lynk also takes advantage of the fact that most cellphone users prefer to use texting rather than voice calls. Access to the Lynk network will be sold separately although 30 existing cellphone service providers have already agreed to offer Lynk service as on optional feature of their networks. For two billion people in remote areas Lynk will provide a reliable and affordable to existing cellphone service.
2020年4月15日：在一项重大技术突破中，一家美国链客全球公司（Lynk Global）于2月在众多行业专家面前进行了多次演示，三颗新的Lynk LEO（低地球轨道）卫星其中一颗成功地在卫星上启用了普通手机服务。美国通过500公里外的那颗卫星向福克兰群岛（马尔维纳斯群岛，位于南大西洋）的另一部手机发送短信。标准的基于地球的手机信号塔的最大距离为35公里，并且没有足够的手机信号塔覆盖整个星球。 Lynk消除了估计每天有7.5亿手机用户无法接收信号的问题。Lynk还可以为居住在无法访问手机网络的地区的十亿以上人口提供手机服务。 Lynk实际上是太空中的一个蜂窝塔，可向下方的任何手机发送2G信号。最初，Lynk将提供全球短信服务。随着卫星技术的改进，也将提供语音呼叫。Lynk并没有让地面的蜂窝塔过时，因为这些本地的信号塔可以提供访问Internet上大部分内容所需的高速服务。其他公司已经开发了基于卫星的Internet服务，但是它们需要特殊但又小又便宜的设备来访问它们。 Lynk将与现有的50亿部手机合作。Lynk还利用了大多数手机用户更喜欢使用短信而不是语音呼叫这一事实。尽管已有30个现有的手机服务提供商已同意根据其网络的可选功能提供Lynk服务，但对Lynk网络的访问将单独出售。Lynk将为偏远地区的20亿人口提供可靠和负担得起的现有手机服务。

For the military and emergency service organizations Lynk will be a lifesaver. In the aftermath of major storms, earthquakes and such a major problem people in the disaster zone and emergency responders have it reliable communications. Cell phone towers are put out of action, sometime for months. Yet in the first days of such disasters communications is vital and a matter of life or death. Lynk expects to begin offering texting service by the end of 2020 as it puts more satellites into orbit. For Lynk this service is seen as a $300 billion a year market for them and a boost to sales of cell phones to many people who never bothered to get one because they lived in an area without any service and not much expectation of such service being installed. While many of these remote areas are populated by people without a lot of income the fact that Lynk will work with any cellphone, including the many budget (under $100) or even cheaper (under $20) second-hand phones, they will be able to afford Lynk.
对于军队和紧急服务组织来说，Lynk将是一个救生员。在大风暴，地震等重大问题之后，灾区人民和紧急响应人员有了可靠的通信。手机发射塔在几个月的某段时间里都无法使用。然而，在此类灾难发生的头几天，通信至关重要，是生死攸关的问题。Lynk预计随着更多卫星进入轨道，它将在2020年底开始提供短信服务。对于Lynk来说，这项服务对他们来说是一个每年3000亿美元的市场，对许多从来没有买过手机的人来说，这是一种促进，因为他们生活在一个没有任何服务的地区，对安装这项服务的期望也不高。尽管许多偏远地区的居民收入不高，但Lynk可以使用任何手机，包括许多预算（低于100美元）甚至更便宜（低于20美元）的二手手机，但他们将能够买得起Lynk。

Lynk will also provide a missing capability that the military has been seeking. Troops often operate in areas where there is little or no cell phone service and for the last twenty years the U.S. Department of Defense and other government agencies have been working to equip commercial cellphones with encryption and other features that make cellphones usable in a combat zone.
Lynk还将提供军方一直在寻求的隐蔽能力。部队通常在手机服务很少或根本没有的地区行动，并且在过去的20年中，美国国防部和其他政府机构一直在努力为商用手机配备加密功能和其他功能，以使手机可以在作战地区使用。

Back in 2012 the American NSA (National Security Agency), responding to troop demands for modern communications capabilities on the battlefield, created a version of the cell phone/tablet Android operating system suitable for combat use. SE (Security Enhanced) Android was based on a SE Linux that NSA developed in 2000. NSA has been active for decades in "hardening" PC operating systems. Since Android is based on Linux NSA had a head start in creating SE Android.
早在2012年，美国国家安全局（National Security Agency，简称NSA）就针对部队在战场上对现代通信能力的需求，创建了一个适合作战使用的手机/平板Android操作系统版本。SE（安全增强）Android基于NSA在2000年开发的SE-Linux。几十年来，NSA一直致力于“强化”PC操作系统。由于Android是基于Linux的，NSA在创建SE-Android方面有了先机。

SE Android is the last key element the U.S. Army needs to move commercial smart phones and tablets onto the battlefield. The troops have been clamoring for a combat smart phone, and in 2011 the U.S. Army began field testing the Atrix smart phone and Galaxy tablet. Both use Android and are designated as NWEUD (Nett Warrior End-User Device) by the military. The U.S. has continued this work and troops will be able to use Lynk along with their encrypted messaging systems.
SE Android是美军将商用智能手机和平板电脑推向战场所需的最后一个关键要素。军队一直在呼吁要一款战斗智能手机，2011年，美军开始对Atrix智能手机和Galaxy平板电脑进行实地测试。两者都使用Android，并被军方指定为NWEUD（Nett Warrior最终用户设备）。美国继续这项工作，军队将能够使用Lynk及其加密的信息系统。

The U.S. Department of Defense pioneered the wired spread use of satellite phones by the troops. In 20o0 the Department of Defense get this started when they rescued Iridium, an existing global satellite phone system. The Iridium satellite network was put into orbit during the 1990s at a cost of $5.5 billion. Alas, not enough customers could be obtained for the expensive satellite telephone service, and in 2000 the company was not only broke but no one wanted to take over its network of 79 satellites. The situation was so dire that the birds were going to be de-orbited (brought lower so they would burn up in the atmosphere.) Then the Department of Defense stepped in with an offer. For $3 million a month the Department of Defense would get unlimited use of up to 20,000 devices (mostly phones, but also pagers and such.) That was enough for someone to come in and take over the satellite system (which cost more than $3 million a month to operate) and make a go of it. The new owners didn’t have the $5.5 billion in debt to worry about and were able to lower prices enough that they were able to sign up 80,000 other customers (civilian and military.)
美国国防部率先率先使用有线电话普及卫星电话。在2000年，美国国防部在救助现有的依星全球卫星电话系统时开始了这项工作。铱卫星网络在1990年投入空间轨道，耗资55亿美元。唉，昂贵的卫星电话服务无法获得足够的客户。2000年，该公司不仅破产，而且没人愿意接管其79颗卫星网络。形势如此严峻，以至于这些卫星将被送入轨道（将它们轨道降下以使它们在大气层中燃烧）。然后，美国国防部提出了要约。国防部每月只需花费300万美元，就可以无限制使用多达20,000台设备（主要是电话，还可以使用寻呼机等）。这足以使某人进入并接管卫星系统（每个月运行成本超过300万美元）。新的所有者不必担心现有的55亿美元债务，他们能够降低价格，足以签下8万名其他客户（民用和军用）。

The Department of Defense paid about $150-$200 a month per satellite phone account under the 2000 contract. Civilian customers paid more and the company thrived. Eventually Iridium was able to launch a new generation of satellites that provided faster and cheaper service.
根据2000年的合同，国防部每月为每个卫星电话帐户支付150至200美元。 民用客户支付了更多的钱，公司蒸蒸日上。最终，铱星能够发射新一代卫星，从而提供了更快，更便宜的服务。

Iridium survived in large part because of the Pentagon business that grew larger after September 11, 2001. In 2013 the Department of Defense signed a five year, $400 million contract with Iridium. By 2014 there were over 51,000 Department of Defense and other U.S. government Iridium users. That has since grown to over 75,000 and troops in remote areas had plenty of satellite phones. But many also had their cell phones and a service like Lynk can translate into less gear for troops to carry.
由于五角大楼的业务在2001年9月11日之后变得更大，因此铱星系统得以幸存。2013年，国防部与铱星系统签署了为期五年，价值4亿美元的合同。 到2014年，美国国防部和其他美国政府铱铱星用户超过51,000个。 自那以来，这一数字已增长到75,000多个，偏远地区的部队拥有大量的卫星电话。 但是许多人也拥有手机，像Lynk这样的服务可以减少军队携带的装备。

In 2014 the Department of Defense arranged for satellite telephone service provider Iridium to supply small (300 gr/10.3 ounce and the size of a small paperback) battery powered Iridium GO! devices that can connect to the Iridium satphone network and provide a local wifi hotspot. Up to five users with a wifi devices within about 30 meters (a hundred feet) of the Iridium GO! can have Internet access. That means smartphones or tablets can use texting, Skype to make phone calls or a browser for web search and limited downloading. All of this uses military encryption. The Iridium Go! devices will cost the Department of Defense $800 each and the Iridium service is taken care of by the contracts the Department of Defense has had with Iridium for over a decade. Currently the Department of Defense (which also provides other government agencies with satphone service) is Iridiums largest customer accounting for about 20 percent of revenues. “Go” type devices have since become smaller, cheaper and more capable.
2014年，美国国防部安排卫星电话服务提供商依星公司提供小型（300克/10.3盎司，尺寸为小型平装本）电池供电的铱GO！可以连接到铱星卫星电话网络并提供本地wifi热点的设备。在铱GO约30米（一百英尺）内，最多有五名用户使用wifi设备！可以上网。这意味着智能手机或平板电脑可以使用短信，Skype拨打电话或使用浏览器进行网络搜索和有限下载。所有这些都使用军事加密。铱GO！国防部每台设备的成本为800美元，而铱星服务则由国防部与铱星公司签订的十年来的合同来负责。目前，国防部（也为其他政府机构提供卫星电话服务）是铱星公司最大的客户，约占收入的20％。此后，“ Go”型设备变得更小，更便宜且功能更强大。


Back in 2000 the plan was that each combat brigade would have over 500 satellite phone accounts. That was never needed, in part because the air force and navy wanted lots of satphones as well and the army began using portable satellite dishes to obtain high-speed service from military and commercial communication satellites.
早在2000年，该计划就是每个作战旅将拥有500多个卫星电话帐户。这是从来不需要的，部分原因是空军和海军也需要大量的卫星电话，而陆军也开始使用便携式卫星天线从军事和商业通信卫星获得高速服务。

The Iridium and other satellite communications capability was the key to making the battlefield Internet work, although the army has found that it’s more efficient (and cheaper) to use military radios and other wireless devices to network with each other and get Internet access via satellite dishes connected with the military satellite communications system. But for many small units out in the bush Iridium is still the way to go and cellphones filled with the growing number of military-related apps provide local access to all manner of computer based tools.
铱和其他卫星通信能力是使战场互联网发挥作用的关键，尽管军方发现，使用军用无线电和其他无线设备相互联网，并通过与军用卫星通信系统相连的卫星天线接入互联网，效率更高（成本更低）。但是对于丛林中的许多小部队来说，铱星仍然是一条必经之路，手机里充斥着越来越多与军事相关的应用程序，为当地提供了各种基于计算机的工具。

Iridium offered “Go” services to a growing number of civilian organizations, especially first responders to large scale disasters. This, in addition to Lynk solves most of the communications problems people in disaster areas encounter.
铱星公司为越来越多的民间组织，特别是对大规模灾难的第一反应者，提供了“ Go”服务。 除了Lynk之外，这还解决了灾区人们遇到的大多数通信问题。

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