France And The Radar Thieves
中国试图通过JF-17获得法国雷达 Date:2013-10-26 Source:strategypage By:globalmil Viewed: |
February 22, 2010: India and the United States are pressuring France not to allow Pakistan to buy advanced radars and other electronics for the Pakistani built JF-17 jet fighter. This is because China did most of the development on the JF-17, and Chinese personnel would be involved in any effort to install French electronics in these aircraft. China has a brazen reputation for stealing foreign technology, and putting high tech French electronics into Pakistani JF-17s, is seen as just giving the stuff to China. Pakistan also has a reputation for passing on military technology it had promised to hold close.
2010年2月22日:印度和美国正在强迫法国不要允许巴基斯坦购买先进的雷达和其它的电子设备用于巴基斯坦制造的JF-17战斗机上。这是因为在JF-17上的大部分发展是中国承担的,而且中国人员也许涉及努力寻求在这些飞机安装法国电子设备。中国非法获取外国的技术,并且推动高技术法国电子设备进入巴基斯坦的JF-17内,如同正好把东西给了中国。巴基斯坦也有传递军事技术答应保持密切关系的名声。
While the Chinese steal a lot of technical information via Internet espionage, that's not as good as getting your hands on the actual hardware. Meanwhile, Pakistan wants to upgrade up to a hundred of its JF-17s this way, many of them for export. But France cannot just blow off Indian protests, as India is a much larger customer for French military equipment than Pakistan.
尽管中国人通过英特网间谍组织秘密获取许多技术上的数据,但不如在手上获得真实的硬件。同时,巴基斯坦升级达一百多架JF-17,它们之中的许多用于外销。但是法国不能够仅仅忽视印度的抗议,如同印度是比巴基斯坦更大的法国军事设备客户一样。
Pakistan recently activated its first JF-17 fighter squadron, which is stationed at an airbase outside Peshawar (the largest city in the tribal territories near the Afghan border.) The squadron, with twelve aircraft and twenty pilots, is the first of many. A year ago, Pakistan signed a deal to buy the next 42, of 300, of these jets from China. These 42 will cost $14.3 million per aircraft. The final 250 will cost $12 million each. The aircraft is assembled in both Pakistan and China, with the engines coming from Russia, and most of the other components from China (which calls the aircraft the FC-1). Several countries ordered the aircraft, or are negotiating to. Pakistan will replace its MiG-21s and Mirage IIIs with the low cost JF-17s.
巴基斯坦最近启动它的第一个JF-17战斗机中队,在白沙瓦外的一个空军基地驻扎(同阿富汗边境附近部落领土的最大城市)。空军中队,包括十二架飞机和二十名飞行员,多数是最好的。在一年以前,巴基斯坦签署了从中国购买42架,总数300架交易。这42架每架将会花费一千四百三十万美元。最终250架成本将会是一千二百万美元。飞机在巴基斯坦和中国装配,采用来自俄国的发动机,并且大多数其它部件来自中国(称飞机为FC-1)。一些国家订购了飞机或正在谈判。巴基斯坦将会用低成本JF-17代替它的米格-21和Mirage III。
When the first JF-17 fighter arrived in Pakistan three years ago, it ended over twenty years of development for what was first called the Super 7 fighter. The JF-17 was developed by China in cooperation with Pakistan, which originally only wanted to buy 150 of them. All this came about because Pakistan could not get modern fighters from anyone else, and turned to China. At the time, China had nothing comparable to the early model F-16s Pakistan already had.
当第一架JF-17战斗机在三年前抵达巴基斯坦的时候,它刚刚结束最初称为超-7战斗机长达二十年的发展。JF-17是巴基斯坦与中国合作发展,最初只打算购买150架。所有这些大概因为巴基斯坦无法从其他任何地方获得现代化战斗机,并因此转向中国。在当时,中国并没有可与巴基斯坦已获得的早期型F-16相当的机型。
The 13 ton JF-17 is meant to be a low cost alternative to the American F-16. The JF-17 is considered the equal to earlier versions of the F-16, but only 80 percent as effective as more recent F16 models. The JF-17 uses the same Russian engine, the RD-93, that is used in the MiG-29. The JF-17 design is based on a cancelled Russian project, the MiG-33.
13吨的JF-17用意是美国F-16的一个低成本替代品。JF-17被认为等同于F-16早期型,但是只有最新F16型号80%的效力。JF-17使用米格-29相同的RD-93型俄国发动机。JF-17设计以一个被取消的俄国米格-33计划为基础。
The JF-17 can carry 3.6 tons of weapons and use radar guided and heat seeking missiles. It has max speed of nearly 2,000 kilometers an hour, an operating range of 1,300 kilometers and a max altitude of 17,700 meters (55,000 feet). China has not yet decided on whether it will use the FC-1/JF-17 itself. This is apparently because China believes its own J-10 (another local design) and J-11 (a license built Russian Su-27) are adequate for their needs. The J-10, like the JF-17, did not work out as well as was hoped. China is still relatively new to aircraft design and development. To further complicate things, China is trying to keep up with aircraft technology that continues to advance, year by year. Thus both the J-10 and JF-17s are difficult and expensive to maintain, and do not function as effectively as the designers hoped. But both aircraft work, and can probably be more useful for ground support, than air superiority. Pakistan hopes to make the JF-17 more lethal by using more experienced pilots. That often works.
JF-17能携带3.6吨武器和使用雷达制导和热寻的导弹。它最大时速将近一小时2,000公里,操作航程1,300公里和最大飞行高度17,700米(55,000英尺)。中国尚未决定自己是否将会使用FC-1/JF-17。这显然因为中国相信它自己的J-10(另一种本国设计型号)和J-11(许可制造的俄国Su-27)适合他们的需要。J-10,与JF-17类似,不像希望的奏效。对于将来复杂的形势,中国正在设法赶上持续前进中的飞机技术,年复一年一年地。因而J-10和JF-17对维护来讲是困难和昂贵的,而且没有设计者希望的作用。但是两种飞机的工作,与空中优势相比或许对地面支援更有用。巴基斯坦希望使JF-17更致命和使用更富有经验的飞行员。经常保持工作状态。
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