July 16, 2024: Norwegian defense firm Kongsberg has regularly developed and sold lots of innovative weapons. The latest is NOMAD, a 29-ton self-propelled tracked air defense system vehicle that complements the older stationery or towed NASAMS system. The NOMAD vehicle has a payload of nine tons and a range of 600 kilometers on one load of fuel. The NOMAD vehicle is a modified version of the Norwegian army ACSV, or Armored Combat Support Vehicle that was designed for a crew of two and up to twelve passengers. The ACSV can be configured for other uses, like adaptation for use by NOMADs.

2024年7月16日：挪威国防公司康士伯公司定期开发和销售大量创新武器。最新的是NOMAD，这是一种29吨重的自行式履带式防空系统车辆，是对旧固定或牵引式NASAMS系统的补充。NOMAD车辆的有效载荷为9吨，一次装载燃料的续航里程为600公里。NOMAD车辆是挪威陆军ACSV或装甲战斗支援车的改装版，专为两名最多十二名乘客的乘员而设计。ACSV可以配置用于其他用途，例如适配用于NOMAD。

 

NOMAD is armed with four ready-to-launch Sidewinder missiles. This missile was designed for use by aircraft but has been adapted for ground launch several times. These Sidewinder missiles have a range of 20 kilometers. The NOMAD radar can spot targets out to 50 kilometers. There is also an optical spotting device with a laser range finder. This is used with the.50 caliber/12.7mm machine-gun mounted in an RWS (Remote Weapons System) that can be operated inside the NOMAD vehicle by the crew of three personnel. The aimed range of the 12.7mm machine-gun is 2,000 meters. NOMAD is most effective against UAVs (Unmanned aerial vehicles), cruise missiles and helicopters.

NOMAD装备了四枚随时可以发射的响尾蛇导弹。这种导弹是为飞机使用而设计的，但已经多次改装为地面发射。这些响尾蛇导弹的射程为20公里。NOMAD雷达可以发现50公里外的目标。还有一个带激光测距仪的光学定位装置。这与安装在RWS（远程武器系统）中的.50口径/12.7毫米机枪一起使用，该系统可由三名人员在NOMAD车辆内操作。12.7毫米机枪的瞄准范围为2000米。NOMAD对无人机、巡航导弹和直升机最有效。

 

Kongsberg is delivering six NOMAD vehicles to the Norwegian military and some of these are probably headed for use in Ukraine. The older Kongsberg NASAMS system is already used in Ukraine. NASAMS is far superior to the similar Russian Buk M1 system Ukraine and Russia use. NASAMS is a system developed by Norway in the early 1990s and entered service in 1998. Norway pioneered the use of American AMRAAM air-to-air missiles as surface-to-air weapons and developed the fire control and launcher equipment needed to make it all work. It was a simple but very effective use of air-to-air missiles for air defense. Other air-to-air missiles have been used for ground-based air defense systems but the Norwegian version is seen as the best of the lot. Norway has six NASAMS batteries for its own defense. Eleven other nations, like Hungary, Spain, Holland, Chile, and the United States, Finland and Lithuania also use NASAMS and the system is still in production.

康士伯公司正在向挪威军方交付六辆NOMAD车辆，其中一些可能将在乌克兰使用。旧的康士伯NASAMS系统已经在乌克兰使用。NASAMS远远优于乌克兰和俄罗斯使用的类似俄罗斯Buk M1系统。NASAMS是挪威在20世纪90年代初开发的一个系统，于1998年投入使用。挪威率先将美国AMRAAM空对空导弹用作地对空武器，并开发了使其全部工作所需的火控和发射设备。这是一种简单但非常有效的空对空防空导弹使用方法。其他空对空导弹已被用于地面防空系统，但挪威版本被视为其中最好的。挪威有六个NASAMS连用于自己的防御。匈牙利、西班牙、荷兰、智利、美国、芬兰和立陶宛等11个国家也在使用NASAMS，该系统仍在生产中。

 

The NASAMS was initially developed for the Norwegian Air Force by Norwegian firm Kongsberg, in cooperation with American partner Raytheon, which produces AMRAAM. A major upgrade, NASAMS 2, officially entered service in 2007 and since then it has gained interest in more nations.

NASAMS最初是由挪威公司康士伯公司与生产AMRAAM的美国合作伙伴雷神公司合作为挪威空军开发的。NASAMS 2是一次重大升级，于2007年正式投入使用，自那以后，它引起了更多国家的兴趣。

 

NASAMS popularity is due to a truly open architecture that, unlike competing systems, allows NASAMS to be used with a wide variety of radars. Initially NASAMS used the American made MPQ-64 Sentinel radar but some customers requested a system that can work with different radars and air-to-air missiles. NASAMS has been tested and configured to work with more than 25 different radar systems and can fire just about any air-to-air missile that can be fired from NATO aircraft. All that is required is modifications to the size and electrical connections in the NASAMS launcher cells and software modification of the fire control system. Since NATO has long-established standards for NATO weapons, NASAMS takes full advantage of this.

NASAMS的普及是由于其真正的开放式架构，与竞争对手的系统不同，它允许NASAMS与各种雷达一起使用。最初，NASAMS使用美国制造的MPQ-64哨兵雷达，但一些客户要求一种可以与不同雷达和空对空导弹配合使用的系统。NASAMS已经过测试和配置，可与25多种不同的雷达系统配合使用，几乎可以发射任何可以从北约飞机发射的空对空导弹。所需要做的就是修改NASAMS发射器单元的尺寸和电气连接，以及修改火控系统的软件。由于北约长期以来一直为北约武器制定标准，NASAMS充分利用了这一点。

 

So far NASAMS has been configured with AIM-120 AMRAAM (together with the longer-range ER variant), AIM-9X Sidewinder and the European IRIS-T. The last one is an interesting story. Norway has a big stock of IRIS-T for their F-16 fighters but the new Norwegian F-35 is not compatible with IRIS-T, so they decided to use this very modern European missile as an anti-aircraft missile in NASAMS systems. This example clearly shows how flexible this system is while the competitor systems are tied to a limited number of missiles and radar.

到目前为止，NASAMS已经配置了AIM-120 AMRAAM（以及远程ER改型）、AIM-9X响尾蛇和欧洲IRIS-T。最后一个是一个有趣的故事。挪威为其F-16战斗机储备了大量IRIS-T，但新的挪威F-35战机与IRIS-T不兼容，因此他们决定将这种非常现代化的欧洲导弹用作NASAMS系统中的防空导弹。这个例子清楚地表明，当竞争对手的系统与有限数量的导弹和雷达联系在一起时，这个系统是多么灵活。

 

Ukrainians were eager to obtain and use NASAMS because of its reputation. NASAMS is far superior to the similar Russian Buk M1 system Ukraine and Russia use, or anything else in its class. NASAM systems began arriving in Ukraine during November 2022 and, by late 2023, there were eight NASAMS batteries in Ukraine. In 2024 there will be more NASAMS for Ukraine as well as longer range AMRAAM ER missiles for it. NASAMS has been very effective against Russian missile attacks, often intercepting all the Russian missiles headed for an area defended by a NASAMS battery. The impact of NASAMS on Russian missile attacks led the Russians to try and detect and destroy NASAMS batteries or components of batteries. As of early 2024, only one NASAMS battery has come under heavy Russian attack and lost some components. So far NASAMS has intercepted several hundred Russian missiles and UAVs. The latest version of NASAMS has a missile range of 50 kilometers and a target detection radar with a range of 120 kilometers. The older and larger Patriot system has a missile with a range of 120 kilometers. NASAMS systems are more compact and mobile than Patriot and the Ukrainians have found that NASAMS and Patriot systems complement each other. In Ukraine Russia is having a difficult time finding worthy targets that are not defended by NASAMS, Patriot or both.

乌克兰人渴望获得和使用NASAMS，因为它的声誉。NASAMS远远优于乌克兰和俄罗斯使用的类似的俄罗斯Buk M1系统，或同类产品中的任何其他系统。NASAM系统于2022年11月开始抵达乌克兰，到2023年底，乌克兰有8个NASAM连。2024年，乌克兰将有更多的NASAMS以及更远距离的AMRAAM ER导弹。NASAMS对俄罗斯导弹袭击非常有效，经常拦截所有前往NASAMS连防御区域的俄罗斯导弹。NASAMS对俄罗斯导弹袭击的影响促使俄罗斯人试图探测和摧毁NASAMS连或连组件。截至2024年初，只有一个NASAMS连受到俄罗斯的猛烈攻击，并丢失了一些组件。到目前为止，NASAMS已经拦截了数百枚俄罗斯导弹和无人机。最新版本的NASAMS导弹射程为50公里，目标探测雷达射程为120公里。较旧和较大的爱国者系统有一种射程为120公里的防空导弹。NASAMS系统比爱国者更紧凑、更机动，乌克兰人发现NASAMS和爱国者系统相辅相成。在乌克兰，俄罗斯很难找到没有NASAMS、爱国者或两者防御的有价值的目标。

 

A typical NASAMS battery consists of 12 launcher vehicles, each carrying six missiles, eight radar vehicles, one fire control center, and one tactical control vehicle. NASAMS does not provide protection for a large area because the max range of its missiles is 30-50 kilometers while range of battery radar target detection is up t0 160 kilometers. NASAMS batteries will be used to protect major cities. NASAMS is being used alongside existing Ukrainian S300 systems and American Patriot batteries Ukraine received as well. Patriot is especially effective at intercepting ballistic missiles.

典型的NASAMS连由12辆发射车辆组成，每辆运载6枚导弹、8辆雷达车、一个火控中心和一辆战术控制车。NASAMS不能为大面积提供保护，因为其导弹的最大射程为30-50公里，而连级雷达目标探测的射程可达160公里。NASAMS连将用于保护主要城市。NASAMS正在与乌克兰现有的S300系统和乌克兰收到的美国爱国者连一起使用。爱国者在拦截弹道导弹方面特别有效。

 

THE NOMADS IS MEANT TO PROVIDE SHORT-RANGE AIR DEFENSES ON THE MOVE EVEN IN HOTLY CONTESTED AREAS.  

KONGSBERG

即使在激烈争夺的地区，NOMADS也要在机动中提供短程防空。康士伯公司