The Type 65 and Type 78 82mm smoothbore recoilless guns were designed to provide a rapid, direct fire support for the PLA infantry troops against targets such as light tanks, armoured vehicles, bunkers, concrete fortifications, and landing craft. The Type 78 is an improved version of the Type 65 with some modifications. Both weapons have been equipped by the PLA ground forces in significant numbers and are still serving with some class-B units and reserve forces today. These obsolete weapons are being replaced by the more capable Type 98 (PF98) 120mm recoilless anti-tank rocket.

65式和78式82毫米无膛线无后座力炮的设计去提供一种迅速、直射火力支援给PLA步兵对抗目标，例如轻型坦克、装甲车辆、燃料库、混凝土防御工事和登陆艇。78式是对65式做了一些修改的一种改进型。两种型号已经被PLA地面部队大量装备并且仍然在一些乙种部队和后备部队中服役。这些陈旧武器被更有能力的98式(PF98)120毫米无后座反坦克火箭筒替代。

Programme

While most countries have phased out the recoilless gun weapons after the WWII, the PLA continued to field this type of weapon to provide a cheap means of direct fire support for its sheer number of infantry troops. By the early 1990s, all infantry units in the PLA were still equipped with the obsolete 82mm recoilless gun weapon at battalion and company level. The PLA began to replace these weapons by the more capable Type 98 (PF98) 120mm recoilless anti-tank rocket in the late 1990s, but the 82mm gun remains in service with some class-B and reserve units.

计划

当大多数国家在二战（WWII）之后已经逐步淘汰无后座力炮的时候，PLA继续去装备这种类型武器去提供一种低成本方法的直接火力给绝对数量的步兵部队。在1990年早期之前，PLA的所有步兵单位仍然在营和连级装备陈旧的82毫米无后座力炮。PLA开始在1990年后期用更有能力的98型（PF98）120毫米无后座力反坦克火箭筒替代这些武器，但是82毫米炮在一些乙种部队和后备部队中保留。

The PLA first introduced 75mm recoilless guns based on the Soviet design of the WWII-age in the 1950s. Later they were replaced by the Chinese indigenous Type 65 82mm recoilless gun developed in the mid-1960s. By the early 1980s the PLA began to field the improved Type 78 82mm recoilless gun, an improved version of the Type 65 with some moderate modifications. Both the Type 65 and Type 78 took part in the 1979 and 1980s border conflicts with Vietnam and played important roles in the battle.

PLA在1950年开始引进基于二战（WWII）时期苏联设计的75毫米无后座力炮。稍后被1960年中期发展的国产65式82毫米无后座力炮替代。在1980年早期PLA开始装备改进的78式82毫米无后座力炮和经过不大修改的65式改进型。65式和78式都参加了1979年和1980年中越边境冲突并且在战争中扮演了重要角色。

The 82mm recoilless gun was normally equipped at battalion level by the light infantry troops stationed in southern China, and at company level by the infantry troops stationed in northern China. A basic recoilless gun unit (squad) has one gun and a crew of eight men (squad leader + seven gunners). The weapon is carried on vehicles or house back for long distance travelling, and is carried by its crew to the battlefield. The gun barrel, tripod, and optical sight are carried by three gunners separately for travelling. The rest four gunners are responsible of carrying rounds.

82毫米无后座力炮通常在中国南方轻型步兵部队营级装备，在中国北方连级步兵部队装备。一个基本无后座力炮单位（班）有一门炮和八名组员（班长 + 七名炮手）。武器在车辆上携带或背负用于长途行进，并被组员携带到战场上。炮管、三脚架和光学瞄准具在行进时被三名炮手分别携带。剩余四名炮手负责携带弹药。

From the experience of the Sino-Vietnam border war in 1979 and the following conflict in the 1980s, the 82mm recoilless gun weapon suffered from many weaknesses. The gun made huge noise and muzzle flash and generated sizable backblast effect when firing, which made it very easy for enemy to locate the position of the gun. The weapon is heavy, takes long time to be assembled, and has a poor accuracy at longer distance. Due to the lack of night vision, the weapon is only suitable for operation in day light condition.

从1979年中越南边境冲突和接着的1980年冲突中得到经验，82毫米无后座力炮武器承受许多弱点。在发射时产生了巨大声音和炮口光焰而且产生了相当长的后喷火焰，造成它非常容易让敌人找出炮的位置。武器沉重，花长时间装配，而且在较远距离精度低。由于缺乏夜视能力，武器仅适合在白昼光亮状况下操作。

Design

The Type 78/65 recoilless gun consists of the barrel, optical direct/indirect aiming sight, tripod, and accessories. The gun can be fired either on the tripod or the gunner’s shoulder. There are two types of rounds available: high-explosive (HE) with a maximum range of 300m (Type 65) or 500m (Type 78). Later variants may be fitted with a IR sight for night combat.

设计

78/65式无后座力炮组成包括炮管、光学直瞄/间接瞄准具、三脚架和配件。炮能任一在三脚架上或炮手的肩上发射。可用二种型号弹药：65式的高爆炮弹具有最大射程300米或78式的高爆炮弹具有最大射程500米射程。稍后改型可能为夜间战斗配备有IR瞄准具。

Specifications

规格

Last update: 16 April 2006
最后更新： 2006年4月16日