The Kaliningrad K-5 (NATO reporting name AA-1 Alkali), also known as RS-1U or product ShM, was an early Soviet air-to-air missile.

加里宁格勒K-5型（NATO报告称为AA-1“碱”），也称为RS-1U或产品ShM，是苏联早期的空对空导弹。

 

History

历史

 

The development of the K-5 began in 1951. The first test firings were in 1955. It was tested (but not operationally carried) by the Yakovlev Yak-25. The weapon entered service as the Grushin/Tomashevich (Russian: Грушин/Томашевич) RS-2U (also known as the R-5MS or K-5MS) in 1957. The initial version was matched to the RP-2U (Izumrud-2) radar used on the MiG-17PFU, MiG-19PM. An improved variant, K-5M or RS-2US in PVO service, entered production in 1959, matched to the RP-9/RP-9U (Sapfir) radar of the Sukhoi Su-9. The People's Republic of China developed a copy under the designation PL-1, for use by their J-6B fighters.

K-5型的研制始于1951年。第一次试射是在1955年。它由雅科夫列夫（Yakovlev）雅克-25（Yak-25）型进行了测试（但未进行实战携带）。该武器于1957年称为Grushin/Tomashevich（俄语：Грушин/Томашевич）RS-2U（也称为R-5MS或K-5MS）开始服役。初始版本与米格-17PFU，米格-19PM上使用的RP-2U（Izumrud-2）雷达相匹配。 用于苏联国土防空军（PVO）的一种改进型K-5M或RS-2US，于1959年投入生产，与苏霍伊（Sukhoi）苏-9的RP-9/RP-9U（Sapfir）雷达匹配。中华人民共和国研制了一个称为霹雳-1（PL-1）仿制型号，供其歼-6B战斗机使用。

 

The difficulties associated with beam-riding guidance, particularly in a single-seat fighter aircraft, were substantial, making the 'Alkali' primarily a short-range anti-bomber missile. Around 1967 the K-5 was replaced by the K-55 (R-55 in service), which replaced the beam-riding seeker with the semi-active radar homing or infrared seekers of the K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll'). The weapon was 7.8 kg (17.2 lb) heavier than the K-5, but had a smaller 9.1 kg (20.1 lb) warhead. The K-55 remained in service through about 1977, probably being retired with the last of the Sukhoi Su-9 interceptors.

采用驾束式制导相关的困难很大，特别是在单座战斗机中，难度很大，使得“碱”主要是一种短距反轰炸机导弹。1967年左右，K-5被K-55（服役中的R-55）取代，它用K-13（AA-2“环礁”）的半主动雷达寻的器或红外导引头取代了驾束式导引头。这种武器比K-5重7.8千克（17.2磅），但弹头更小，只有9.1千克（20.1磅）。K-55一直服役到1977年，很可能随着最后一驾苏霍伊苏-9截击机一起退役。

 

Specifications (RS-2US / K-5MS)

Length: 2500 mm (8 ft 2 in)

Wingspan: 654 mm (2 ft 2 in)

Diameter: 200 mm (7⅞ in)

Launch weight: 82.7 kg (183.3 lb)

Speed: 800 m/s (2,880 km/h, 1,790 mph)

Range: 2–6 km (1¼-3¾ mi)

Guidance: beam riding

Warhead: 13.0 kg (28.7 lb)

规格（RS-2US/K-5MS）

长度：2500毫米（8英尺2英寸）

翼展：654毫米（2英尺2英寸）

直径：200 毫米（7⅞英寸）

发射重量：82.7千克（183.3磅）

速度：800米/秒（2880公里/小时，1790英里/小时）

射程：2–6公里（1¼-3¾英里）

引导：驾束

弹头：13.0千克（28.7磅）