沈飞J-8II战斗机基于该公司发展的J-8战斗机。最初的结构修改在前机身部分，采用两侧进气口代替原先的机头进气口，提供火控雷达更多空间。（The Shenyang J-8II fighter is based on the J-8 fighter developed by the same company. The primary structural modification took place in the front section of the fuselage, with the original nose air inlet replaced by lateral inlets to give more space for fire-control radar.）

The Jian-8II (J-8II, NATO codename: Finback-B) is a single-seat, twin-engine multirole fighter aircraft developed by Shenyang Aircraft Industry Co. (SAC) based on its J-8I fighter. The J-8II is available in a number of variants with different avionics and engine configurations: the basic production variant J-8B; the air-refuelling-capable variant J-8D; the export variant F-8IIM; the further improved variants J-8H and J-8F. A total of 300 examples are currently in service with the PLAAF and PLANAF.

中国歼（Jian）-8II(J-8II，北约代号：长须鲸(Finback)-B)是一种单座、双发多角色战斗机，由沈阳市飞机工业公司(SAC)基于它的J-8I战斗机发展。J-8II可得到一些种类的改型，采用不同的航空电子设备和发动机配置：基本生产改型J-8B；空中加油能力改型J-8 D；出口改型F-8IIM；增强改进型J-8H和J-8 F。现在PLAAF和PLANAF服役中总数为300架。

 

PROGRAMME
计划

 

Shenyang Aircraft Factory (now SAC) began to develop an improved variant of its J-8I fighter in 1982 to meet the PLA’s growing demand for a high-performance aircraft that can defy the Soviet MiG-23 Flogger. The Shenyang-based 601 Aircraft Design Institute finished the basic J-8II design in 1983. The primary structural modification took place in the front section of the fuselage. The removal of the original nose air inlet provides the aircraft with a solid nose to accommodate a decent fire-control radar. The J-8II prototype 0001 made its maiden flight on 12 June 1984, and the design finalisation flight testing was completed in March 1988. Only 24 examples of the J-8II have been delivered.

沈阳飞机厂(现在的SAC)在1982年开始发展它的J-8I战斗机的一个改进型，符合PLA需要一种能同苏联米格-23 Flogger对抗的高性能飞机的增长要求。位于沈阳市的601飞机设计所在1983年完成了基本的J-8II设计。主要的结构修改在前机身部分。取消最初前端进气口设计，提供一个锥形前端给飞机去容纳一部合适的火控雷达。J-8II原型0001在1984年6月12日进行了首次飞行，而且设计定型飞行测试在1988年3月完成。J-8II目前仅仅交付了24架。

基本型J-8II经受了严重的本国208型火控雷达可靠性问题。只有24架用于操作试验和评估被交付。（The basic variant J-8II suffered serious reliability problems with its indigenous Type 208 fire-control radar. Only 24 examples were delivered for operational trial and evaluation.）

 

The J-8II development encountered significant difficulty in avionics, particularly the fire-control radar. The indigenously developed Type 208 pulse Doppler radar, which had a detection range of only 40km, suffered serious reliability problems. More importantly, the radar was incapable of guiding medium-range air-to-air missile for beyond-vision-range (BVR) attack, an essential capability required by the PLAAF. Under the ‘Peace Pearl’ Sino-U.S. cooperation programme, American company Grumman would help Shenyang to upgrade 50 J-8II fighters with modified Westinghouse AN/APG-66(V) radar and fire-control computer worth US$502 million, but the project was cancelled after the 1989 incident.

J-8II发展遇到了航空电子上的重要困难，特别是火控雷达。本国自行发展的208型脉冲多普勒雷达，仅仅有40公里的探测距离，存在严重的可靠性问题。更重要，雷达无法引导中距空对空导弹进行超视距(BVR)攻击，一种PLAAF必需具备的能力。在“和平典范”(Peace Pearl)中国与美国合作计划中，美国格鲁门（Grumman）公司将帮助沈阳公司去升级50架J-8II战斗机，使用修改的威斯丁豪斯（Westinghouse） AN/APG-66(V)雷达和火控计算机，价值美金五亿二百万元，但是计划在1989年中国某些国内事件之后被取消。

PLAAF第29空军师J-8B战斗机在编队飞行。注意到早先改型白色方案改为新的亮灰色刷漆方案。（J-8B fighters of the PLAAF 29th Air Division flying in formation. Note the new light-grey painting scheme in contrast to the white colour scheme of the early variants.）

 

The revised J-8II fitted with an indigenous 70km-range SL-8A PD radar made its first flight in November 1989. Initially known as J-8II Batch-02, This variant was later officially designated J-8B. Design was finalised in December 1995 and the batch production began thereafter. At the same time, Shenyang also introduced a variant known as J-8D that can receive aerial refuelling from a converted H-6 tanker. Fitted with a fixed refuelling probe, the J-8D made its first flight 21 November 1990. The first successful in-flight refuelling reportedly took place in 1993. Like the prototype, both J-8B and J-8D lacked the BVR combat ability due to their incapable fire-control radar.

经过修改的J-8II安装使用一部本国的70公里探测范围的SL-8A PD雷达在1989年11月进行了第一次飞行。最初即是J-8II 02-批，这一种改型较迟正式地指定为J-8 B。设计在1995年12月结束和批量生产随后开始。同时，沈阳公司也介绍了一种改型，即是能接收来自一架H-6改装的空中加油机进行加油的J-8D。安装使用一种固定加油探头，J-8D在1990年11月21日进行了首次飞行。第一成功在飞行中进行加油据称在1993年进行。类似原型，J-8B和J-8D由于火控雷达性能不足不具备超视距战斗能力。

PLA飞行训练的海军空军J-8D战斗机。J-8D是能够进行空中加油的第一种PLA飞机。（PLA Naval Air Force J-8D fighters in flight training. The J-8D is the first PLA aircraft capable of receiving in-flight refuelling.）

 

F-8IIM

 

Following the end of the Cold War, Shenyang approached Russia for assistance to upgrade its J-8II fighter. In the 1996 Zhuhai air show, Shenyang revealed an export variant F-8IIM tailored for international market. Based on the J-8II airframe, the F-8IIM is fitted with an X-band Russian Phazotron Zhuk-8II coherent pulse Doppler radar, which can trace up to ten targets and attack two simultaneously. With its 14 operating modes, the radar can guide a range of air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons including Vympel R-27R1 (AA-10 Alamo-A) semi-active, radar-homing medium-range AAM and Kh-31A (AS-17 Krypton-A) supersonic anti-ship missile.

 

The F-8IIM made its first flight on 31 March 1996, but it failed to attract any domestic or foreign customer. In 2004 Shenyang revealed a new F-8IIM design fitted with an indigenous JL-10A fire-control radar, which is said to have better performance compared to the Russian Zhuk-8II. As well as being able to guide the medium-range air-to-air missile, the radar can also guide a variety of precision strike weapons for interdiction and anti-ship missions.

F-8 IIM在1996年3月31日进行了第一次飞行，但是它没有吸引任何国家或外来客户。在2004年沈阳公司展示了一种新的F-8IIM设计，安装使用一部本国的JL-10A火控雷达，据称性能要优于俄罗斯的Zhuk-8II。新雷达有能力制导中距空对空导弹，也能制导多种精确打击武器用于遮断和反舰任务。

 

J-8H/F

 

Shenyang continued to upgrade the J-8II series in the 1990s. The improved variant J-8H made its first flight in December 1998 and the design was finalised in 2001. Modifications include an integrated digital fire-control system, KLJ-1 (Type 1471?) PD fire-control radar, and WP-13B turbojet engines.

 

The development of another improved variant J-8F began in 1997. The aircraft first flew in 2000 and the design was finalised in 2002. This variant features a new model (Type 1492? or imported Russian model) PD fire-control radar, ‘glass cockpit’, and WP-13BII engines. The H and F models can be distinguished by their additional pair of wing fences to achieve better handling. Both models are fitted with in-flight refuelling probe as standard.

发展其它的改进型J-8F在1997年开始。飞机在2000年首次飞行，而且设计在2002年结束。这一种改型的特色包括一部新型(1492型?或引进了俄国型号)PD火控雷达、玻璃驾驶座舱和WP-13BII发动机。H和F型增加了一对翼刀去实现更好的操作。两种型号配备有空中加油探头如同一个标准部件。

从一架经过改装的H-6加油机进行加油的PLA海军空军J-8D。再加油延长了J-8D战斗半径从800公里到1,200公里。（PLA Naval Air Force J-8D being refuelled by a converted H-6 tanker. The refuelling facility extended the J-8D’s combat radius from 800km to 1,200km）

 

VARIANTS
改型

型号（Designations）	首次飞行时间（First Flight）	描述（Description）
J-8II	1984年6月12日（12june84）	原型，采用锥形前端和侧发动机进气口改进J8A（Prototype, improved J8A with solid nose and lateral engine inlets）
J-8B	1989年11月（nov89）	也即是J-8II 批次-02。采用改进航空电子设备的批量生产改型（Also known as J-8II Batch-02. Batch production variant with improved avionics）
J-8D	1990年11月21日（21nov90）	采用空中加油探头的J-8B（J-8B with aerial refuelling probe）
F-8IIM	1996年	外销改型J-8B采用俄国Zhuk火控雷达和R-27/AA-10中距空对空导弹（MRAAM） （Export variant J-8B with Russian Zhuk fire-control radar and R-27/AA-10 MRAAMs）
J-8IIACT	1988年	也即是BW-2。据传装备了飞行线控的测试平台（Also known as BW-2. Canard equipped fly-by-wire testbed）
J-8III	?	激进升级型采用FBW和WP-14发动机。在唯一的原型损毁之后发展取消（Also known as J-8C. Radically upgraded variant with FBW and WP-14 engines. Development cancelled after the only prototype crushed）
J-8H	1998年12月（dec1998）	改良J-8D采用KLJ-1雷达；双翼刀和WP-13B发动机（Improved J-8D with KLJ-1 radar; twin wing fences and WP-13B engines）
J-8F	2000年	J-8D采用更进一步改进火控和玻璃化座舱，可能使用俄国雷达（J-8D with further improved fire-control and glass cockpit, possibly with Russian radar）

 

DESIGN
设计

 

The J-8B is a single-seat, twin-engine interceptor fighter with mid-mounted delta-shape wings, a pair of lateral air-inlets, and a MiG-23-style foldable under-fuselage vertical fin.

 

WEAPONS
武器

 

The fighter is equipped with two 23mm Type 23-III (a copy of the Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23L) cannon with 200 rounds in a ventral installation. One under-fuselage stores station with pylon integrated dispenser system and six under-wing store stations are available to carry payload of up to 4,500kg.

 

Basic variant J-8II and B and D model only carry four PL-5 and PL-8 infrared-homing short-range air-to-air missiles. The F-8IIM and H and F model can also carry two Russian R-27/AA-10 or indigenous PL-11 semi-active, radar-homing medium-range air-to-air missiles.

 

The store stations can carry Free-fall weapons such as 500, 250, 100 and 50kg bombs, and multiple launchers each carrying twelve 55mm or seven 90mm unguided rockets. Centre fuselage station and two outboard wing stations are pumped to carry 720 litre or 1,400 litre drop tanks.

外挂点每个能携带投放武器，像是500、250、100和50公斤炸弹，多管火箭发射装置携带十二枚55毫米或七枚90 毫米非制导火箭。机身中心位置和二个外侧机翼挂点能携带720公升或1,400公升外挂油箱。

 

AVIONICS

 

Avionics configuration varies on different variants.

 

Fire-control:

 

Type 208 (SL-5A) monopulse radar, 40km range (J-8II) 

JL-8A pulse Doppler radar, 70km range (J-8B/D) 

Russian Zhuk-8B, X-band, 70km range, look-down, shoot-down, track up to 10 targets and attack 2 simultaneously (F-8IIM) 

KLJ-1 (Type 1471?), 75km range, look-down, shoot-down (J-8H) 

Type 1492 (J-8F) 

If necessary, the J-8H/F could also adopt the helmet-mounted sight (HMS) for better combat effectiveness.

 

Flight: KJ-12 autopilot; SS/SC-1/3 air data computer; HK-13A or EII head-up display (HUD); HG-563 INS navigation; WL-7A radio compass; Type 265 altitude radio altimeter; XS-6 marker beacon receiver; 563GB INS/GPS navigation (F-8IIM); Type 125 IFF (F-8IIM); TAKAN navigation system (J-8D).

 

Self-defence: South-West China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment KG-8602 RWR interfaced with the South-West China Research Institute of Electronic Equipment KG-8605 internal radar noise jammer and China National Import and Export Corporation GT-1 chaff/flare dispenser, and Type 605A 'Odd Rods' IFF.

 

POWERPLANT

 

The J-8B is powered by two WP-13AII turbojet engines, designed by the Liming Aircraft Engine Company. Each engine is rated at 6,600kg with after-burning. The F-8IIM and J-8H/F are powered by improved WP-13B turbojets.

J-8B安装两台WP-13 AII涡扇发动机，由黎明（Liming）航空发动机公司设计。每台发动机额定使用加力燃烧6,600公斤。F-8IIM和J-8H/F安装改良的 WP-13B涡扇发动机提供动力。 

 

SPECIFICATIONS
规格

 

Crew: 1

Dimentions: Wingspan 9.344m; Length 21.59m; Height 5.41m 

Weight: Empty 9,240kg; Normal take-off 14,300kg; Max take-off 17,800kg

Max Speed: Mach 2.2

Range: Ferry range 2,200km (1,187nm; 1,367 miles) with drop tanks; radius 800km (432nm; 497 miles) on a typical mission; 1,200km with one aerial refuelling

Service Ceiling: 20,200m

Max Climb Rate: 12,000m/min (sea level)

G Limit: +6.9 (1,000m) or +4.7 (Mach 0.9/5,000 m)

 

乘员： 1

长度： 翼展 9.344 米；长度 21.59 米；高度 5.41 米

重量： 空重 9,240 公斤；正常起飞 14,300 公斤；最大起飞 17,800 公斤

最大速度： Mach 2.2

航程： 使用外挂油转场航程 2,200 公里(1,187 海里；1,367 英里)；在一个典型任务半径 800 公里(432 海里；497 英里)；和一次空中加油1,200 公里

实用升限： 20,200 米

最大爬升率： 12,000 米/分钟(海平面)

G 极限： +6.9(1,000 米)或 +4.7(Mach 0.9/5,000 米)