28 OCTOBER 2020

by Jon Grevatt

2020年10月28日

乔恩·格雷瓦特（Jon Grevatt）

 

China has formally enacted legislation to strengthen controls of military exports. The ‘Export Control Law’ was approved recently at the 22nd session of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress.

中国正式立法加强对军品出口的管制。《出口管制法》近日在十三届全国人大常委会第二十二次会议上通过。

 

The new law, which was released in draft versions in 2017 and 2019, replaces several sets of regulations that had governed China’s international military sales for several decades. The legislation, which will be effective from 1 December 2020, is also seen as a Chinese response to international criticism of its military export policy.

新法律于2017年和2019年以草案形式发布，取代了数十年来管理中国国际军售的几套法规。这项法案将于2020年12月1日生效，也被视为中国对国际社会对其军品出口政策批评的回应。

 

China’s new export law seeks to strengthen controls of military platforms such as Norinco VT4 main battle tanks.  (Norinco)

中国新的出口法寻求加强对北方工业公司VT4主战坦克等军事平台的控制。（中国北方工业公司）

 

“These regulations are formulated for the purposes of strengthening [the] export control of missiles and missile-related items and technologies, and safeguarding the state security and social and public interests,” states Article 1 of the new legislation.

新法规第1条规定：“制定这些条例是为了加强导弹和导弹相关物品和技术的出口管制，维护国家安全和社会公共利益。”。

 

The Export Control Law states that it seeks to regulate ‘controlled items’ that are defined as dual-use, military, nuclear and other national security-related goods, technologies, and services.

《出口管制法》规定，该法旨在监管被定义为军民两用，军事，核能和其他与国家安全有关的商品、技术和服务的“受管制物品”。

 

It also imposes “prohibitive or restrictive measures” on the export of such products and mandates tighter government oversight of export processes including shipping, end-user applications, and customer re-exports.

它还对此类产品的出口实施“禁止或限制性措施”，并要求政府对出口过程进行更严格的监督，包括航运、最终用户申请和客户再出口。

 

Another aspect of the law is the requirement for Chinese military export control authorities to conduct risk assessments on countries and/or regions to which exports may “endanger national security” or present risks related to proliferation or acts of terrorism. The legislation also encourages exporters to enhance internal compliance mechanisms.

该法律的另一个方面是要求中国军品出口管制当局对出口可能“危及国家安全”或存在扩散或恐怖主义行为风险的国家和/或地区进行风险评估。该立法还鼓励出口商加强内部合规机制。

 

China’s military exports have traditionally been vetted by the State Administration of Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense (SASTIND). In major sales the State Council is also likely to be involved.

中国的军品出口历来都是由国家国防科技工业局（SASTIND）审核的。在大型销售中，国务院也可能参与其中。