February 24 2015

naval-technology

2015年2.月24日

海军技术

 

Aegis Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) system was developed by the Missile Defence Agency (MDA) in cooperation with the US Navy.

宙斯盾弹道导弹防御系统是由美国导弹防御局（MDA）与美国海军合作开发的。

 

Type

Ballistic missile defence (BMD) system

类型

弹道导弹防御系统

 

Developers

US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) and US Navy

开发人员

美国导弹防御局和美国海军

 

Operators

US Navy and Japan Maritime Self Defence Force

操作人员

美国海军和日本海上自卫队

 

First Intercept Test

January 2002

第一次拦截测试

2002年1月

 

Fielding

2004

守备

2004年

 

 

The SM-2 missiles launched from the USS Lake Erie (CG 70) during a Missile Defence Agency flight test. Credit: US Navy.

标准-2型导弹在导弹防御局的飞行测试中从“伊利湖号”（CG 70）发射。来源：美国海军。

 

A Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) is launched from the Japanese Ship (JS) Myoko (DDG 175). Credit: MDA.

一枚标准导弹-3型（SM-3）从日本军舰“妙高”号（DDG 175）上发射。来源：MDA。

 

Aegis Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) system was developed by the Missile Defence Agency (MDA) in cooperation with the US Navy. It is the sea-based element of the US BMD system.

宙斯盾弹道导弹防御系统（BMD）是由导弹防御局（MDA）与美国海军合作开发的。它是美国BMD系统的海基基础。

 

The Aegis BMD provides warships with the capability of intercepting and destroying short and medium-range ballistic missiles.

宙斯盾BMD为军舰提供了拦截和摧毁中短程弹道导弹的能力。

 

Aegis BMD is the first component of the BMD system to receive formal certification for deployment. It is also the MDA’s first missile defence system acquired by a military ally (Japan).

宙斯盾BMD是BMD系统中第一个获得正式部署认证的组件。这也是MDA的第一个由军事盟友（日本）获得的导弹防御系统。

 

The US Navy’s vessels currently equipped with Aegis BMDs are Ticonderoga (CG-47) Class cruisers and also Arleigh Burke (DDG-51) Class destroyers.

美国海军目前装备“宙斯盾”BMD的舰艇有提康德罗加级（CG-47）巡洋舰和阿利·伯克级（DDG-51）驱逐舰。

 

Variants of the Aegis system

宙斯盾系统的版本

 

The variations of the Aegis BMD system currently in service are the 3.6.1 version and the 4.0.1 version. The MDA and the US Navy plan to deploy more advanced versions, such as the 5.0, 5.1 and 5.2, in the future.

目前服役的宙斯盾BMD系统的改型是3.6.1版本和4.0.1版本。MDA和美国海军计划在未来部署更先进的版本，如5.0、5.1和5.2。

 

The improved versions will be equipped with advanced processors and software, as well as upgraded variants of the SM-3 interceptor missile.

改进后的版本将配备先进的处理器和软件，以及SM-3拦截导弹的升级版本。

 

Aegis Ballistic Missile Defence system development

宙斯盾弹道导弹防御系统开发

 

The Aegis BMD system was initially fielded in 2004 to deliver long-range surveillance and track (LRS&T) capabilities for intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The system obtained the engagement capability in 2005 and terminal capability in 2006. The Aegis BMD successfully destroyed a non-working satellite during Operation Burnt Frost in February 2008.

宙斯盾BMD系统最初于2004年部署，用于对洲际弹道导弹（ICBM）提供远程监视和跟踪（LRS&T）能力。该系统于2005年获得交战能力，2006年获得末端能力。2008年2月的“烧霜”行动中“宙斯盾”BMD成功摧毁了一颗故障卫星。

 

The European phased adaptive approach (PAA) for missile defence in Europe was announced by the Obama administration in September 2009. The PAA is intended to protect European nations from ballistic missile threats. Lockheed Martin was awarded a $1bn contract by the MDA to continue the development of the Aegis BMD system in October 2009.

2009年9月，奥巴马政府宣布了欧洲分阶段适应性导弹防御方案（PAA）。PAA旨在保护欧洲国家免受弹道导弹威胁。洛克希德·马丁公司于2009年10月获得MDA授予的一份价值10亿美元的合同，继续开发宙斯盾BMD系统。

 

Lockheed Martin received a $100m worth, five-year contract from the US Navy to provide combat system engineering services for all Aegis-equipped ships in March 2013.

2013年3月，洛克希德·马丁公司从美国海军获得了一份价值1亿美元、为期五年的合同，为所有配备“宙斯盾”的舰艇提供作战系统工程服务。

 

Aegis BMD demonstrated the European PAA phase one capability by intercepting an IRBM in 2011. It was the first Aegis BMD engagement of an IRBM using launch-on-remote capability. The USS Monterey (CG-61) was the first vessel to be deployed for Europe under European PAA phase one plan. The command and control node was installed in Germany and the forward-based radar was placed in Turkey to support the mission.

2011年，宙斯盾BMD拦截了一枚中远程弹道导弹（IRBM），展示了欧洲PAA第一阶段的能力。这是IRBM首次使用远程发射能力进行宙斯盾BMD交战。“蒙特利号”（CG-61）是根据欧洲PAA第一阶段计划部署到欧洲的第一艘舰艇。指挥和控制节点安装在德国，前沿雷达安装在土耳其，以支持任务。

 

Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) upgrades are being integrated into Aegis BMD ships and land-based facilities to counter evolving ballistic missile threats. Phase two development will deliver more advanced SM-3 Block IB missiles by 2015.

标准导弹-3（SM-3）升级正在集成到宙斯盾BMD舰艇和陆基设施中，以应对不断演变的弹道导弹威胁。第二阶段的开发将在2015年前交付更先进的SM-3 Block IB导弹。

 

The missiles will be deployed at sea and on land. The land-based component of the BMD system is called the Aegis Ashore. The preliminary design review for the Aegis Ashore was concluded in August 2011.

导弹将部署在海上和陆地上。BMD系统的陆基部件被称为“海岸宙斯盾”（Aegis Ashore）。“海岸宙斯盾”的初步设计审查于2011年8月结束。

 

The Aegis Ashore sites will be built at the Pacific Missile Range Facility and Romania, to deploy SM-3 IB interceptors. The land-based sites will protect Nato nations against the hostile ballistic missiles launched from the Middle East.

“海岸宙斯盾”基地将建立在太平洋导弹靶场基地和罗马尼亚基地，以部署SM-3 IB拦截器。这些陆基基地将保护北约国家免受从中东发射的敌对弹道导弹的攻击。

 

Phase three will involve the development of SM-3 Block IIA by 2018, for the deployment from Aegis Ashore sites in Romania and Poland, and Aegis BMD ships. Phase four will deliver SM-3 Block IIB missiles by 2020 to defend IRBMs and ICBMs.

第三阶段将涉及到2018年开发SM-3 Block IIA，用于从罗马尼亚和波兰的“海岸宙斯盾”基地部署，以及宙斯盾BMD舰艇。第四阶段将在2020年前交付SM-3 Block IIB导弹，以防御中远程弹道导弹（IRBM）和洲际弹道导弹。

 

Successful Aegis BMD system flight tests

成功的宙斯盾BMD系统飞行测试

 

Aegis BMD successfully completed the first intercept test in January 2002 and has to date achieved 23 successful intercepts from 28 attempts. The system demonstrated 20 successful exo-atmospheric intercepts in 25 attempts using the SM-3 missile.

2002年1月，宙斯盾BMD成功完成了第一次拦截测试，迄今为止，28次尝试中成功拦截了23次。该系统在使用SM-3导弹的25次尝试中成功地进行了20次大气层外拦截。

 

These firings also included three successful intercepts in four attempts by the Aegis ships of the Japan Maritime Self Defence Force (JMSDF). The system also performed three successful endo-atmospheric intercepts in three attempts, using the SM-2 Block IV missile.

这些发射还包括日本海上自卫队（JMSDF）的宙斯盾舰在四次尝试中成功拦截了三次。该系统还使用SM-2 Block IV导弹在三次尝试中成功进行了三次大气层内拦截。

 

The Lockheed Martin team conducted an operational test of a second generation Aegis combat system with two SM-3 Block IB guided missiles and a SPY-1 naval phased array radar in September 2013. The combat system successfully engaged a short-range ballistic missile target from the USS Lake Erie cruiser during the test.

2013年9月，洛克希德·马丁公司的团队用两枚SM-3 Block IB制导导弹和一套SPY-1海军相控阵雷达对第二代宙斯盾作战系统进行了作战测试。在测试过程中，该作战系统成功地从美国海军“伊利湖号”巡洋舰上对一个短程弹道导弹目标交战。

 

The first live-fire test of the Aegis Ashore combat system was conducted in May 2014.

“海岸宙斯盾”作战系统的首次实弹射击试验于2014年5月进行。

 

The Aegis BMD system completed a series of qualification trials aboard KDX-III Seoae Ryu Sungryong destroyer of Republic of Korea in June 2014.

2014年6月，“宙斯盾”BMD系统在大韩民国KDX-III“西厓柳成龙号”（Seoae Ryu Sungyong）驱逐舰上完成了一系列资格试验。

 

The Aegis BMD system performed its first live-fire test with its new Baseline 9 capability from the USS Chancellorsville cruiser in April 2013. The Baseline 9 upgrade, which began in April 2012, includes addition of commercial-off-the-shelf and open architecture technologies to the missile system and allows it to engage multiple threats.

2013年4月，“宙斯盾”BMD系统在美国海军“钱塞洛斯维尔号”巡洋舰上用其新的基线9能力进行了首次实弹测试。基线9的升级始于2012年4月，包括在导弹系统中添加商业现成和开放式架构技术，使其能够应对多种威胁。

 

Lockheed Martin and US Navy demonstrated long-range and over-the-horizon engagement capabilities of the Aegis system with Baseline 9 capability during a series of three tests conducted in July 2014. The combat system also performed two flight tests in Baseline 9 configuration in November 2014.

洛克希德·马丁公司和美国海军在2014年7月进行的一系列三次测试中展示了具有基线9能力的宙斯盾系统的远程和超视距交战能力。该作战系统还在2014年11月进行了两次基线9配置的飞行测试。

 

Standard Missile-3 and SM-2 Block IV interceptors

标准导弹-3和SM-2 Block IV拦截弹

 

The Aegis BMD uses the Standard Missile-3 mid-course interceptors and the Standard Missile-2 Block IV (SM-2 Block IV) terminal-phase interceptors developed by Raytheon.

宙斯盾BMD使用雷神公司开发的标准导弹-3中段拦截弹和标准导弹-2 Block IV（SM-2 Block IV）末端阶段拦截弹。

 

The SM-3 is capable of intercepting ballistic missiles above the atmosphere during the midcourse phase of a hostile ballistic missile’s flight. The missile is launched from the MK 41 vertical launching system (VLS) of the warships. It receives in-flight target updates from the ship.

SM-3能够在敌对弹道导弹飞行的中期阶段拦截大气层上方的弹道导弹。导弹从军舰的MK 41垂直发射系统（VLS）发射。它接收来自战舰的飞行目标更新。

 

The kinetic warhead (KW) is designed to destroy a ballistic missile’s warhead with more than 130 megajoules of kinetic energy. The existing SM-3 Block IA version will be upgraded to SM-3 Block IB, SM-3 Block IIA and SM-3 Block IIB to counter future ballistic missile threats.

动能弹头（KW）设计用于摧毁动能超过130兆焦的弹道导弹弹头。现有的SM-3 Block IA版本将升级为SM-3 Block IB、SM-3 Block IIA和SM-3 Block IIB，以应对未来的弹道导弹威胁。

 

The SM-2 Block IV can engage the ballistic missiles within the atmosphere in the terminal phase of a missile’s trajectory. The missile carries a blast fragmentation warhead. The SM-2 Block IV will be replaced with a new extended range SM-6 interceptor.

SM-2 Block IV可以在导弹弹道的最后阶段与大气层内的弹道导弹交战。该导弹携带一枚爆破破片弹头。SM-2 Block IV将被新的增程SM-6拦截弹所取代。

 

Features of the US MDA’s system

美国MDA系统的特点

 

Aegis integrates Aegis combat system, SM-3 missiles and command, control and communication systems of the US Navy and joint forces.

宙斯盾集成了宙斯盾作战系统、SM-3导弹以及美国海军和联合部队的指挥、控制和通信系统。

 

The Aegis BMD configured ships can detect and track ballistic missiles of all ranges and transfer target detection information to the ground-based midcourse defence interceptors in Alaska and California.

配置宙斯盾BMD的舰艇可以探测和跟踪所有射程的弹道导弹，并将目标探测信息传输给阿拉斯加和加利福尼亚州的陆基中段防御拦截弹。

 

The LRS&T capability shares tracking data to cue other components of the BMDS including PAC-3, terminal high altitude area defence (THAAD) and medium extended air defence system (MEADS).

远程监视与跟踪（LRS&T）能力共享跟踪数据，以提示弹道导弹防御系统（BMDS）的其他组件，包括PAC-3、末段高空区域防御系统（THAAD）和中型扩展防空系统（MEADS）。

 

Vessels with Aegis BMD system capabilities

具有宙斯盾BMD系统能力的舰艇

 

The Aegis BMD is deployed in five cruisers and 19 destroyers of the US Navy, as of May 2012. The Pacific Fleet and Atlantic Fleet operate 16 and eight Aegis ships respectively. The Aegis BMD capable ships in the US Navy are expected to increase in number up to 36 by 2018.

截至2012年5月，宙斯盾BMD部署在美国海军的5艘巡洋舰和19艘驱逐舰上。太平洋舰队和大西洋舰队分别拥有16艘和8艘宙斯盾舰。预计到2018年，美国海军中具有宙斯盾BMD能力的舰艇数量将增加到36艘。

 

The Japan Maritime Self Defence Force operates four Aegis BMD capable ships, known as Kongo Class guided-missile destroyers.

日本海上自卫队拥有四艘具有宙斯盾BMD能力的舰艇，被称为金刚级导弹驱逐舰。