The Yu-7 lightweight anti-submarine torpedo introduced in the mid-1990s is a Chinese copy of the U.S. Mk-46 Mod 1. It is equipped by all Chinese indigenous surface combatants. 鱼-7轻型反潜鱼雷在1990年中期引进，是中国仿造的美国Mk-46 Mod 1型鱼雷。它被所有的中国自行建造的水面战舰装备。

The Yu-7 lightweight anti-submarine torpedo is a Chinese reverse-engineering of the U.S. Mk-46 Mod 1 (Block 2). The torpedo was developed by Xi’an Precision Machinery Institute (705 Institute, a subordinate of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation) and Northwest Polytechnic University (NPU), and was produced by 872 and 874 Factory. The Yu-7 is equipped by all PLA Navy indigenous surface combatants as the standard anti-submarine warfare (ASW) system.

鱼-7（Yu-7）轻型反潜鱼雷是中国对美国Mk-46 Mod 1（Block 2）进行反向工程。鱼雷由西安精密机械研究所（705所，中国造船工业公司的一个下属单位）和西北工业大学（NPU）发展，而且由872和874工厂生产。鱼-7被所有的PLA海军本国自行研制的水面战舰装备被当做标准的反潜战（ASW）系统。

PROGRAMME

An unexploded U.S.-made Mk-46 Mod 1 torpedo was captured by a Chinese fishing ship in the South China Sea in October 1978. The torpedo was handed to the PLA Navy for further studies. The examination of the torpedo, under the codename Project 109, was carried out by 705 Institute between December 1978 and April 1979. In 1982 the PLA decided to reverse-engineer the torpedo under the designation Yu-7. 705 Institute was in charge of the general design and the development of the shallow-water control system. Northwest Polytechnic University was responsible for the development of the deep-water control system.

计划

在1978年10月，一枚未爆炸的美国制造的Mk-46 Mod 1鱼雷被南海的一艘中国捕鱼船收集。鱼雷为进一步的研究交付到PLA海军手中。鱼雷的检验，在代号109计划下进行，在1978年12月和1979年4月之间由705研究所实行。在1982年PLA决定在指定鱼-7下对鱼雷反向工程。705研究所负责总体设计和发展浅水控制系统。西北工业大学负责发展深-水控制系统。

The Yu-7 programme entered full scale development in 1984, with over 90 research institutes and factories across the country involved in the project. The Yu-7 consists of over 5,000 spare parts and 4,500 instruments. The design team produced 80,000 blueprints and over 100,000 pages of technical documents. The first two prototype torpedoes were assembled in 874 Factory in December 1984 and tested in the 750 test range in Kuming in December 1985. By 1989 the Yu-7 torpedo had successfully undertaken 68 launches in four sea tests.

鱼-7计划在1984年进入了全尺寸发展，由横跨中国超过90个研究所和工厂在计划中积极参与。鱼-7由超过5,000个配件和4,500个仪器所组成。设计组绘制了80,000张蓝图和超过100,000页技术文件。最初二枚原型鱼雷在1984年12月在874工厂装配和在1985年12月在昆明（Kuming）750测试平台测试射程。在1989年鱼-7鱼雷已经成功地在四个海洋进行68次测试发射。

Development of the Yu-7 was seriously delayed due to some major technical difficulties. In the 1980s China formed a temporary ally with the U.S. and other Western countries against the Soviet Union. This provided China with an opportunity to seek some foreign assistance in the Yu-7 development. Although the Mk-46 technology transfer did not complete due to the arms embargo by the U.S. after the 1989 incident, some limited technical documents and few Mk-46 samples were received and used to help the Yu-7 development.

鱼-7的发展由于一些主要的技术上的困难被严重地延迟。在1980年中国为对抗苏联与美国和其它西方国家组成一个暂时的盟友。这提供一个机会给中国寻求鱼-7发展的一些外来协助。虽然Mk-46技术转移在1989年事件之后由于美国武器禁远没有完成，但收到一些有限的技术文件和少量的Mk-46试样并且用于帮助鱼-7发展。

The initial batch production of the Yu-7 began in the late 1990s and the torpedo received its design certificate in 1994. By the late 1990s the Yu-7 were equipped by almost all Chinese-built surface combatants for anti-submarine warfare. The torpedo is generally regarded outdated compared to the latest torpedoes deployed by Western and Russian navies.

鱼-7最初批量生产在1990年后期开始，而且鱼雷在1994 年接受了它的设计证明书。在1990年后期之前，鱼-7用于反潜战几乎被所有中国建造的水面战舰装备。鱼雷与西方和俄国海军部署的最新型鱼雷相比较被通常视为过时的型号。

DESIGN

The Yu-7 is designed to be launched from surface combatant torpedo tubes to attack enemy submarines. The torpedo utilises a two-speed, reciprocating external combustion powerplant using mono-propellant (Otto) liquid fuel, giving a maximum speed of 43kt. The torpedo is armed with a 45kg warhead, and is guided by active and passive acoustic-homing.

设计

鱼-7的设计从水面战舰鱼雷管发射攻击敌人的潜艇。鱼雷利用双速、往复式外燃发动机使用单一推进剂（Otto）液体燃料，最大速度43节。鱼雷配备45公斤弹头，并且采用主动和被动声导。

The Yu-7 is based on the 1960s/70s Mk-46 technology and is regarded as outdated by today’s standards. However, it remains the only shipboard anti-submarine torpedo available for the PLA Navy.鱼-7以1960/70年Mk-46技术为基础和以今天的标准被认为是过时的型号。然而，它仍然是PLA海军可用的唯一舷侧反潜鱼雷。

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibre: 324mm
Length: 2,600mm
Weight: 235kg
Warhead: 45kg
Propellant: Two-speed, reciprocating external combustion; Mono-propellant (Otto) fuelled
Speed: 43kt
Range: 14km
Depth of Search/attack: 6~400m
Guidance: Active/passive acoustic-homing

规格

口径： 324 毫米
长度： 2,600 毫米
重量： 235 公斤
弹头： 45 公斤
推进剂： 双速、往复式外燃发动机；单一推进剂（Otto）推动
速度： 43 节
距离： 14 公里
搜索/攻击的深度： 6~400 米
引导： 主动/被动声导