The Yu-3 is an acoustic-homing, submarine-launched, anti-submarine warfare (ASW) torpedo designed by Xi’an Precision Machinery Institute (705 Institute, a subordinate of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation). Initially developed for China's nuclear submarine programme, it is China’s first indigenous anti-submarine torpedo and entered service with the PLA navy in the mid-1980s. An improved variant known as Yu-3II (also known as Zhonhuaxun-II or ET-32 in its export names) was introduced in the 1990s.

鱼-3型（Yu-3）是一种声导、潜射反潜鱼雷，由西安精密机械研究所（705所，中国船舶重工集团公司的一个下属部门）设计。最初为中国核潜艇计划发展，它是中国自行发展的第一种反潜鱼雷，并且在1980年中期进入PLA海军服役。在1990年推出一种改进型即是鱼-3II型（它的外销命名也即是“中华鲟”（Zhonhuaxun）-II型或ET-32型）。

PROGRAMME

Following the successful development of the Yu-1 unguided submarine-launch torpedo in the 1960s, 705 Institute began to develop a new guided torpedo for the Chinese navy’s proposed nuclear attack submarine (SSN). Instead of developing the relatively simple anti-ship torpedo, which only requires the guidance system to work in two-dimensional mode, 705 Institute chose the more technologically challenging anti-submarine torpedo, where the guidance system is required to work in a more complex three-dimensional mode. Initial feasibility study began in 1964 and the development programme was officially approved in March 1966 under the designation Yu-3.

计划

在1960年成功发展鱼-1型非制导潜射鱼雷之后，705所开始去发展一种新的制导鱼雷用于中国海军提议中的核攻击潜艇（SSN）。但不是发展相对简单的反舰鱼雷，只需要制导系统工作在双维模式，705所选择更具科技挑战性的反潜鱼雷，制导系统要在一个更复杂的三维模式中工作。最初可行性研究在1964年开始，而且在1966年3月发展计划在指定为鱼-3型之下被正式批准。

Description: Yu-3 ASuW torpedo and Type 033 Romeo class diesel-electric submarines (Source: Chinese Internet).描述：鱼-3 ASuW鱼雷和033型Romeo级柴电潜艇（来源：中国英特网）

Like many other weapon development programme, the Yu-3 project was seriously affected by the ‘Culture Revolution’ which began in 1966. The development resumed full speed in 1967 after a special order was issued by the Central Military Commission protecting the nuclear submarine and its related programmes from any political disturbance. Building of a deep-water torpedo test pool (codename 750 Test Range) in Kunming was completed in 1969. The first test of the torpedo was carried out in the autumn of 1969.

像许多其它的武器发展计划，鱼-3型计划严重地受到从1966年开始的“文化革命”影响。在1967年中央军事委员会发布了特别命令，保护核潜艇和它的相关计划免于任何政治上的干扰，之后重新开始全速发展。昆明的一个深-水鱼雷测试池（代号750试验区）的建造在1969年完成。鱼雷第一次测试在1969年秋天进行。

As the development of the torpedo was significantly behind the nuclear submarine programme (first boat launched in 1967), 705 Institute speeded up the development to introducing the prototype for initial batch production before the design was finalised. The first batch of the torpedo was assembled in 1971 and successfully tested in 1972. The torpedo received its design certificate in 1975.

当鱼雷的发展严重的落后核潜艇计划（第一艘在1967年下水）之时，705所加速发展在设计完成前去制造原型用于初始化批量生产。第一批鱼雷在1971年成功地装配，在1972年测试。鱼雷在1975年接收了它的设计证明书。

Early basic variant Yu-3 used a mechanical scanning guidance system, which requires the torpedo to reduce its speed when approaching to the enemy submarine so that the guidance system could detect and lock on the target. This had resulted in the guidance system highly complex and unreliable. A new multi-pulse acoustic-homing guidance system was under development since 1967 to solve the problem. The improved Yu-3 Batch 0 was successfully tested in December 1977. However, the torpedo did not receive its batch production certificate until 1984, nearly 20 years after the programme began.

早期基本型鱼-3采用机械扫描制导系统，当接近到敌人潜艇的时候，需要鱼雷减慢它的速度以便制导系统可以发现并且锁定目标。这造成制导系统高度复杂和不可靠。从1967年以后发展一种新的多脉冲声导系统去解决问题。0批次改进的鱼-3在1977年12月成功地测试。然而，鱼雷直到1984年才接收到它的批量生产证明书，几乎在计划开始20年后。

705 Institute and 750 Test Range began to develop an improved Yu-3II in May 1985. Known as Zhonhuaxun-II or ET-32 in its export names, the torpedo received no order from either domestic or international market.

705所和750试验区在1985年5月开始发展改进的鱼-3II型。它的外销命名即是“中华鲟”（Zhonhuaxun）-II型或ET-32型，鱼雷没有从国内或国际市场接到订单。

Description: PLA Navy crew loading a Yu-3 ASuW torpedo into the tube of a Type 039 submarine (Source: Chinese Internet).描述：PLA海军人员装填一枚鱼-3 ASuW鱼雷到039型潜艇发射管内（来源：中国英特网）

DESIGN

The Yu-3 is an anti-submarine torpedo designed to be launched from both nuclear-powered and conventional submarines. It is acoustic-homing and electric-propelled, able to engage high-speed, deep-diving nuclear submarines.

设计

鱼-3型是一种设计从核潜艇（SSN和SSBN）和常规潜艇发射的反潜鱼雷。它采用声导和电动，能交战高速、深潜核潜艇。

SPECIFICATIONS

Calibre: 533mm
Length: 6,600mm
Weight: 1,340kg (combat variant); 1,203kg (training variant)
Warhead: 190kg
Power Plant: Electricity
Speed: 35 kt
Range: 13,000m
Depth of Search/attack: 6~350m
Depth of launch: Maximum 150m
Guidance: (Yu-3) Passive acoustic-homing; (Yu-3II) Active/passive acoustic-homing

规格

口径： 533 毫米
长度： 6,600 毫米
重量： 1,340 公斤（战斗型）；1,203 公斤（训练型）
弹头： 190 公斤
动力装置： 电动
速度： 35 节
航程： 13,000 米
搜寻/攻击深度： 6~350 米
发射深度： 最大 150 米
制导： （鱼-3）被动声导；（鱼-3II）主动/被动声导