The Type 022 (NATO codename: Houbei class) is the new-generation catamaran (twin-gull) missile fast attack craft (FAC) built for the PLA Navy. The first-of-class (hull number 2209) was launched in April 2004 at the Qiuxin Shipyard based in Shanghai. Six contractors are now involved in the construction of the Type 022, with about 40 hulls delivered by the end of 2007. More hulls are expected in the next few years. The vessel replaces the ageing Type 021 (Huangfeng class) that were commissioned between the late 1960s and early 1980s.

022型（北约代号：候北级）是为PLA海军建造的新一代双船体导弹快艇（FAC）。该级第一艘（弦号2209号）在2004年4月上海求新造船厂下水。六个承包商现在积极参与022型的建造之中，在2007年底之前大约交付了40艘。更多的被预料在往后数年内。022型代替在1960年后期到1980年早期之间服役老化的021型（黄蜂级）。

Design

The Type 022 features a wave-piercing catamaran hull design known as Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH). Traditional catamaran hull design provides a large and broad decks, but it has a poor stability in high seas at high speeds. The modified wave-piercing catamaran, with its hull volume in the sea’s surface minimised, becomes very stable even on choppy seas. The bulk of the displacement necessary to keep the ship afloat is located beneath the waves, where it is less affected by wave action, as wave excitation drops exponentially with depth.

设计

022型以穿浪双体船型设计为特色即是小水线面双体船（SWATH）。传统双体船设计提供较大和宽阔的甲板，但是它在远海和高速缺乏稳定。改进的穿浪双体船，由于它的船体的容积在海平面降至最低，变成非常稳定甚至在激浪中。必须保持船体浮在水面上的大部分排水量位于波浪下，在那里它较少受到波浪作用影响，如同波浪影响降低指数和深度有关。

The main disadvantages to the SWATH hull form are that they are expensive than conventional catamaran or mono-hulled ships, requiring a complex control system. The PRC reportedly obtained the SWATH catamaran design from AMD Marine Consulting, a very successful catamaran designer based in Australia. The company has a joint venture company called Sea Bus International based in China, specialising in designing civilian catamarans such as passenger ferries. The SWATH design was allegedly used by Chinese shipbuilding contractors to develop the Type 022 missile FAC.

SWATH船体线型比较常规双体船或单体船主要缺点是昂贵，需要一个综合控制系统。据传闻中国从AMD海军咨询公司公司获得SWATH双体船设计，一个位于澳大利亚非常成功的双体船设计者。公司在中国有一个合资公司叫做海上巴士国际公司（Sea Bus International），专门研究设计民用双体船，像是乘客渡船。SWATH设计据说被中国造船业承包商采用发展022型导弹快艇。

The Type 022 missile FAC is the world’s first combat catamaran. Although a number of logistic and combat support vessels in the catamaran form were tested in the past, no catamaran has ever been built for direct combat role in the modern naval history. Coincidently, the U.S. Navy is also testing a high-speed, wave-piercing catamaran known as FSF1 ‘Sea Fighter’ for the littoral warfare role.

022型导弹快艇是世界上第一种战斗双体船。虽然许多的后勤和战斗支援船在过去采用双体船线型试验，在近代海军历史中没有双体船已经被建造用于直接战斗角色。巧合地，美国海军也正在尝试高速、穿浪双体船即是FSF1‘海上战士’用于滨海战角色。

The Type 022 is 40m in length, 12m in beam, and 1.5m in draught. The vessel has a full displacement of 220 tonnes. The propulsion includes two diesels rated at 6,865hp and two water jets, giving a maximum speed of 36 knots. The vessel is operated by 12~14 crew.

022型长度40米，宽12米和吃水线1.5米。满载排水量220吨。推进包括四台额定6,865马力柴油发动机和四个喷水式推进器。由12~14名组员操作。

The design of the Type 022 has been directed to minimise the radar cross-section signature. The hull of the vessel is sloped and the windows all have jagged edges in order to limit the radar reflectivity. The hull carries camouflage paint schemes, which differs slightly according to the areas in which the vessels are deployed. Vessels deployed in northern regions carry a black-grey-blue-white four-colour camouflage, while those in southern region have a much brighter camouflage with mostly white-grey-blue.

022型的设计针对将雷达横截面特征减到最低。斜面船体，而且窗户全部为锯齿形边缘为了要减少雷达反射率。船体采用伪装油漆方案，按照部署地域有些轻微不同。在北部地域部署采用一种黑色-灰色-蓝色-白色四颜色伪装，当在南部地域部署时采用一种更加明亮的白色-灰色-蓝色伪装。

Weapon Systems

The vessel is equipped with eight YJ-83 anti-ship missiles housed in two large missile launch complexes at the stern. On the front deck locates a Russian AK-630 30mm close-in weapon system (CIWS) for short-range air defence. There are also two 4-cell tube launchers on the bow deck, possibly for launching decoys/chaffs.

武器系统

在尾部二个大导弹发射构造内装备8枚反舰导弹。在前甲板装有一套俄国AK-630型30毫近防武器系统（CIWS）用于近程防空。在艏甲板也有二具4单元发射管，可能用于发射红外诱饵/箔条。

The craft has a single large mask on which a number of unidentified sensors are mounted. A datalink antenna is located between the two missile launch complexes for receiving target information from sea- or air-based sensors, enabling the 'over-the-horizon' strike against surface targets.

022型有一个大雷达罩许多未经确认的感应器在内安装。一个数据链天线位于二座导弹发射构架之间用于从海上或空基传感器接收目标数据，提供‘超地平线’打击对抗水面目标。

Last update: 1 March 2009
最后更新：2009年3月1日