The Puma tracked armoured infantry fighting vehicle developed for the German Army.

The Projekt Systems and Management (PSM) consortium, based in Kassel in Germany, is developing the Puma tracked infantry fighting vehicle for the German Army, under a programme authorised by the German Federal Parliament. The PSM industrial consortium is owned by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Rheinmettall DeTec. The Puma programme has formerly been known as the Igel and the Neuer Schuetzenpanzer (NsPz).

位于德国卡塞尔的普洛捷克特系统和管理（PSM）联合公司，正在为德国陆军发展“美洲狮”履带式步兵战斗车辆，该计划由负责国防技术和采办的德联邦办公室于2002年9月授予。PSM联合公司，由克劳斯-玛菲-魏格曼公司和莱恩麦塔尔DeTec公司共同拥有。“美洲狮”计划也就是以前的“刺猬”（Igel）和Neuer Schuetzenpanzer（NsPz）。

 

The first prototype vehicles and systems demonstrator will be available during 2005. The first 20 production vehicles will be completed in 2006. An estimated 1,152 Puma infantry fighting vehicles will be manufactured. A total of 390 vehicles will be manufactured in the first volume production batch.

第一辆车辆原型和系统示范将会在2005年完成。最初20辆生产车辆将会在2006年完成。据估计，将制造1,152辆美洲狮步兵战车，其中第一次批量生产总数约为390辆。

 

The Puma vehicles are to replace the Rheinmetall Landsysteme Marder 1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles which entered service in 1971 with the German Army and will soon reach the end of operational life.

美洲狮车辆要代替莱恩麦塔尔大地系统公司“黄鼠狼”（Marder）-1型战车，这种战车在1971年进入德国陆军服役并将会很快到达操作寿命极限。

 

The development programme includes the build and test of a number of major Puma subsystem demonstrators. These include demonstrators to test: the armour protection, the weapon and ammunition handling and flow system, three versions of the turret and three versions of the chassis.

发展计划包括许多的主要“美洲狮”的示范子系统的制造和试验。这些包括装甲保护、武器、弹药操纵和压力系统，还包括三种不同样式的炮塔和三种不同样式的底盘。

 

Turret 1 has been successfully built and tested the weapon operation out of the vertical axis. Turret 2 is being constructed in order to test the optics and stabilisation. Turret 3 will be constructed and tested to the final agreed design configuration.

炮塔样式-1已经在去年成功制造完成并进行测试武器操作；炮塔样式-2正装配用于按计划所规定去测试和稳定化；炮塔样式-3将会被装配到经过最后认可的设计结构后进行测试。

 

The first version of the chassis, F1, will be used for driving tests and the second and third versions, F2 and F3, are being built to the final chassis design and will be used as demonstrator models.

底盘样式-F1，将会用于驾驶测试，样式-F2和样式-F3，正在进行最后的底盘设计，将会制造当作演示原型使用。

 

PUMA HULL

“美洲狮”车体

 

The hull is a new design rather than a derivative of an older system. Rheinmetall is responsible for the development and design of the chassis. The vehicle is operated by a crew of three (commander, gunner and driver) and carries up to eight equipped troops in the rear troop compartment

车体是一种全新的设计并非较旧系统的一个衍生型。莱恩麦塔尔公司负责发展和底盘设计。车辆由三名乘员操作（指挥官、炮手和驾驶员），后面的步兵舱携带八名全副装备的士兵。

 

The vehicle is of modular construction which allows it to be fully air transportable on an A400M aircraft.

采用模块化设计的车辆允许完全装载到一架A400M运输机上空运。

 

PUMA WEAPONS
“美洲狮”武器

 

The vehicle is armed with a remotely controlled weapon station, developed by Kraus-Maffei Wegmann, which is fitted with a dual feed Mauser 30mm MK 30-2 cannon. Rheinmetall is responsible for the integration of the Mauser cannon and the ammunition handling system. The MK 30-2, which is in production for the Spanish Pizarro and Austrian Ulan IFV, has a rate of fire of 700 rounds per minute and a range of up to 3km.
战车装备使用一套遥控武器站，由克劳斯-玛菲-魏格曼公司发展，配备有双重供弹毛瑟30毫米MK 30-2型火炮。莱恩麦塔尔公司负责毛瑟火炮和弹药操纵的整合系统。MK 30-2型火炮，为西班牙“皮萨罗”（Pizarro）战车和奥地利的“乌兰”（Ulan）步兵战车生产，射速每分钟高达700发和射程达到3公里。

 

The cannon fires 30mm APFSDS-T (Armour Piercing Fin-Stabilised Discarding Sabot - Tracer) rounds with a muzzle velocity of 1,385m/sec. The rounds, developed by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec and being qualified in Switzerland for deployment in the Swiss and Austrian armed forces, have entered volume production. The round is not fitted with a depleted uranium penetrator and is non-toxic.
火炮发射30毫米“翼稳定脱壳穿甲弹-示踪”（APFSDS-T）弹药具有达到1,385米/ 秒的初速。弹药，由厄利空•康垂斯Pyrotec公司发展，而且在瑞士取得资格用于瑞士和奥地利武装力量部署，已经进入批量生产。弹药不安装贫铀穿透器而且是无害的。

 

The MK 30-2 cannon also fires the FAPIDS-T (Frangible Armour Piercing Incendiary Discarding Sabot - Tracer) round that is deployed against hard and soft targets.
MK 30-2型火炮也能发射“脱壳易碎穿甲燃烧弹-示踪”（FAPIDS-T）弹药，被部署用于打击硬目标和软目标。

 

The development of a new round, the 30mm Air Burst Munition (ABM), by Oerlikon Contraves Pyrotec, is complete and under a schedule of tests and qualification trials for entry into service around 2005.The ABM round (173mm long, 30mm diameter) contains an electronic timer, an ejection charge and 135 cylinder-shaped tungsten alloy bars or projectiles. The electronic timer is programmed by inductive coupling through a device installed in the muzzle of the cannon. The timer initiates the ejection charge which releases and disperses the tungsten projectiles before impact with the target.
一种新弹药处于发展中，30毫米空爆弹药（ABM），由厄利空•康垂斯Pyrotec公司研制，正在完全试验和资格测试计划在2005年左右进入服役。空爆弹药炮弹（173毫米长，直径30 毫米）包括一个电子定时器，一个抛出装料和135枚圆柱形钨合金杆或抛体。电子定时器通过在火炮口制退器中安装的一套装置被感应设定。在定时器控制下，炮弹在同目标碰撞前开始抛出装料和释放、散布抛体。

 

PUMA ENGINE
“美洲狮”动力系统

 

The vehicle is fitted with a new High Power Density 892 series diesel engine developed by MTU. The MTU 892 series is rated at 800kW which provides the Puma with a power-to-weight ratio of 25.4kW/t.
车辆配备有一个MTU（奔驰）公司研制的高功率892系列柴油发动机，MTU 892系列额定功率800千瓦提供25.4千瓦/吨的一个动力到重量比。

 

The running gear is decoupled so the vehicle has low noise and vibration characteristics. Krauss Maffei Wegmann is responsible for the vehicle's hydropneumatic suspension system. Diehl has been selected to supply the tracks.
传动装置是分离的，因此车辆具有低噪音和低振动特点。克劳斯-玛菲-魏格曼公司负责车辆的油气式悬挂系统。已经选择迪尔（Diehl）公司供给履带。

 

PUMA ARMOUR
“美洲狮”装甲

The Puma AIFV is built with the option of three levels of protection to suit the operational requirements.

 

The vehicle is built with the option of three levels of protection to suit the operational requirements. The versions weigh 29.4t, 31.45t and 43t.
车辆是建立在三个级别的保护，以满足操作需求的选择。车型重量29.4吨，31.45吨和43吨。

 

The basic Level 1, 29.4t, version provides protection against explosively formed projectile (EFP) mines, top attack artillery projectiles and has all round protection against 14.5mm kinetic energy rounds and RPG-7 rocket propelled grenades. The front and flank of the vehicle are fitted with a higher level of protection against 30mm kinetic energy rounds.
29.4吨的基本级别型，战车底盘提供防爆炸成形侵彻器（EFP）地雷的能力；战车顶部能防攻顶式火炮射弹打击；战车能全面防护14.5毫米动能弹药和RPG-7火箭推进榴弹的打击；战车的前面和侧面配备高级别防护，能抵抗30毫米动能弹药打击。

 

Level A has been selected as the baseline armour protection for the Puma IFV for the German Army. Level A gives all round protection against 14.5mm machine gun rounds and artillery fragments. The front and flank are protected against 30mm cannon rounds. The front armour protects against hollow charge rounds. The vehicle is also protected against 10kg blast and EFP mines. The German Army Puma with Level A protection has a combat weight of 31.45t and is air transportable in the A400M aircraft.
A级别防护提供给德国陆军的“美洲狮”步兵战车当做基准装甲防护。A级别能给战车提供防御14.5毫米机枪弹药和火炮碎片的全面保护；前面和侧面保护都可承受30毫米炮弹打击；前面装甲保护能对抗高威力空心装料弹药；战车底盘的保护能抵抗10公斤和爆炸成型侵彻器（EFP）地雷。A级别保护的德国陆军“美洲狮”战斗重量31.45吨，并且可搭载在一架A400M运输机中空运。

 

Additional armour modules can be fitted to the hull and turret to provide Level C protection. With Level C armour protection the combat weight is increased to 43t. It would be necessary to deploy four A400M transporters to carry three Puma infantry fighting vehicles fitted with Level C armour protection, the fourth aircraft lifting the additional modular armour fits.
最高的C级防护可在车体和炮塔附加高性能装甲模块。使用C级别装甲防护的“美洲狮”战车的战斗重量增加到43吨。空运时同时调用四架A400M运输机运输，三架分别携带三辆配备有C级别装甲防护的“美洲狮”步兵战车，第四架飞机运载附加的模块装甲配件。