The A-50 airborne early warning and control aircraft (AEW&C) was developed and manufactured by the Beriev Aircraft R

A-50机载预警和控制飞机（AEW&C）由别里耶夫航空制造公司(BerievAircraftCompany)开发和制造

 

Crew

15 (five flight crew and ten mission crew)

机组人员

15人（5名机组人员和10名任务机组人员）

 

Maiden Flight

1978

首次飞行

1978年

 

Entry into Service

1984

进入服役

1984年

 

Manufacturer

Beriev Aircraft Company

制造商

别里耶夫航空制造公司

 

Operators

Russia, China, India, Iran, and Iraq

操作人员

俄罗斯、中国、印度、伊朗和伊拉克

 

The A-50 aircraft is intended to detect and identify airborne objects, determine their co-ordinates and transfer the information to command posts.

 

Beriev A-50 Mainstay AEW aircraft.

 

The A-50 carries out patrol missions at an altitude of 5,000 to 10,000 metres.

A-50在5000至10000米的高空执行巡逻任务。

 

The Schmel M main radar is rumoured to better that of the E-3 Sentry.

据传Schmel M主雷达比E-3“哨兵”雷达更好。

 

The radar and guidance systems have the capacity to track 50 to 60 targets simultaneously and to guide 10 to 12 fighter aircraft simultaneously.

雷达和制导系统具有同时跟踪50至60个目标和同时引导10至12架战斗机的能力。

 

A-50 Mainstay AEW&C aircraft

A-50“支柱”AEW&C飞机

 

The A-50 airborne early warning and control aircraft (AEW&C) was developed and manufactured by the Beriev Aircraft Research and Engineering Complex Joint Stock Company based at Taganrog in the Rostov Region of Russia. The A-50 aircraft was developed from the llyushin IL-76MD military transport aircraft manufactured by the Ilyushin Aviation Complex Joint Stock Company based in Moscow.

A-50机载预警和控制飞机（AEW&C）由位于俄罗斯罗斯托夫地区塔甘罗格的别里耶夫飞机研究与工程综合体股份公司开发和制造。A-50飞机是由总部位于莫斯科的伊留申航空综合体股份公司制造的伊留辛IL-76MD军用运输机开发的。

 

The aircraft is known in the West by the Nato codename Mainstay. Beriev aircraft normally carry the Russian designation Be- followed by the number, however, the A-50 aircraft retained the well-known A-designation which Beriev allocated to the original prototype.

这架飞机在西方被北约代号为“支柱”。Beriev飞机通常携带俄罗斯的命名Be-然后是编号，然而，A-50飞机保留了著名的A-命名，Beriev分配给原始原型。

 

The A-50 aircraft detects and identifies airborne objects, determines their coordinates and flight path data and transfers the information to command posts. The A-50 also acts as a control centre, guiding fighter-interceptors and tactical air force aircraft to combat areas in order to attack ground targets at low altitudes. The role of the A-50 is comparable to that of the US’s E-3 AEW system developed by Boeing.

A-50飞机探测并识别空中物体，确定其坐标和飞行路径数据，并将信息传输到指挥所。A-50还充当控制中心，引导战斗机拦截机和战术空军飞机进入作战区域，以攻击低空的地面目标。A-50的作用与波音公司开发的美国E-3 AEW系统相当。

 

A-50 Mainstay programme and development

A-50“支柱”计划和发展

 

The A-50 entered service with the Russian Air Force in 1984. Currently, 16 aircraft are operational in the Russian Air Force. The upgraded version, the A-50U was first announced in 1995 but did not enter testing until 2008. It then entered service in 2011. The upgraded A-50Us have extended the aircraft’s the service life to 2020.

A-50于1984年加入俄罗斯空军服役。目前，俄罗斯空军有16架飞机服役。升级版A-50U于1995年首次发布，但直到2008年才开始测试。它于2011年投入使用。升级后的A-50U将飞机的使用寿命延长至2020年。

 

The modernised A-50 aircraft can now take more fuel on board with the same take-off weight, while increasing the range and mission time performance. A satellite navigation system integrated into flight and navigation complex offers a dramatic increase in the navigational accuracy.

现代化的A-50飞机现在可以在相同的起飞重量上携带更多的燃料，同时增加射程和任务时间的性能。集成到飞行和导航综合系统中的卫星导航系统可以显著提高导航精度。

 

“The A-50 is an airborne early warning and control aircraft (AEW&C).”

“A-50是一种机载预警和控制飞机（AEW&C）。”

 

A-50 variants

A-50改型

 

The A-50 aircraft was followed by four variants: A-50M, A-50U, A-50I and A-50E/I. The A-50M variant is an advanced version of the A-50 aircraft. The outdated analogue equipment of the A-50 have been replaced with digital electronics system to create the A-50M aircraft.

A-50飞机之后有四种改型：A-50M、A-50U、A-50I和A-50E/I。A-50M改型是A-50飞机的高级版本。A-50过时的模拟设备已被数字电子系统取代，以制造A-50M飞机。

 

The A-50U is an updated Russian variant, first shown in 1995. It was created by modernising the element base of airborne radiotechnical complex, thereby reducing the total weight.

A-50U是一种更新的俄罗斯改型，于1995年首次亮相。它是通过对机载无线电技术综合体的元件基础进行现代化改造而制造的，从而降低了总重量。

 

The A-50I is a variant specifically developed to meet the requirements of the Indian Air Force. It is additionally equipped with Israeli-made Phalcon radar. The variant, A-50E/I is an Israeli Phalcon radar export version.

A-50I是专门为满足印度空军的要求而开发的一种变体。它还配备了以色列制造的“费尔康”雷达。改型A-50E/I是以色列“费尔康”雷达的出口型号。

 

Orders and deliveries

订单和交付

 

India selected three A-50EI / IL-76 variants equipped with Phalcon AEW radar systems in 2001. Elta of Israel provided the AEW radar systems. A contract for the sale was signed in March 2004. The AEW aircraft, which was expected to be delivered to the Indian Air Force in 2007-2008, was delayed and the first AEW aircraft was finally delivered on 28 May 2009. The second and third AEW aircraft were delivered in March 2010 and December 2010 respectively.

2001年，印度选择了三种配备“费尔康”AEW雷达系统的A-50EI/IL-76改型。以色列埃尔塔公司提供了AEW雷达系统。2004年3月签署了出售合同。预计将于2007-2008年交付给印度空军的AEW飞机被推迟，第一架AEW飞机最终于2009年5月28日交付。第二架和第三架AEW飞机分别于2010年3月和2010年12月交付。

 

Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) purchases the aircraft from Ilyushin and TAPC. In September 2010, India unveiled a decision to buy two additional aircraft from IAI . Apart from India and Israel, the AEW&C radar system developed by IAI and Elta Electronics Industries are in service with Chile and Singapore.

以色列航空航天工业公司（IAI）从伊留申和TAPC购买了这架飞机。2010年9月，印度宣布决定从国际航空公司购买另外两架飞机。除印度和以色列外，IAI和埃尔塔(电子工业公司（Elta Electronics Industries）开发的AEW&C雷达系统也在智利和新加坡服役。

 

China also ordered four A-50/A-50M/U aircraft from Russia.

中国还从俄罗斯订购了4架A-50/A-50M/U飞机。

 

Mainstay AEW&C radar system

“支柱”AEW&C雷达系统

 

The A-50U airborne radar warning and guidance system is the Schnel-M produced by Vega. It comprises:

A-50U机载雷达预警和制导系统是维加公司生产的Schnel-M。它包括：

 

radar station

data reduction system

interrogator-responder and signal transmission system

digital computer complex

identification friend or foe (IFF) equipment

command radio link to guide fighters

encoding communication system

radio communication equipment

telemetry / code equipment

registering equipment.

雷达站

数据压缩系统

询问应答器和信号传输系统

数字计算机复合体

敌我识别设备

指挥无线电链路引导战斗机

编码通信系统

无线电通信设备

遥测/编码设备

记录设备。

 

The radar and guidance systems have the capacity to track 50 to 60 targets simultaneously and to guide ten to 12 fighter aircraft simultaneously.

雷达和制导系统具有同时跟踪50至60个目标和同时引导10至12架战斗机的能力。

 

Countermeasures

对策

 

The A-50 is fitted with a self-defence system when flying en-route and over patrol zones. The self-defence system ensures protection from guided and unguided weapons of the enemy’s fighters attacking the aircraft from its front and rear hemispheres. The self-defence system includes an electronic countermeasures system.

A-50在途中和巡逻区上空飞行时配备了自卫系统。自卫系统确保免受敌方战斗机从前半球和后半球攻击飞机的制导和非制导武器的攻击。自卫系统包括一个电子对抗系统。

 

“The A-50 carries out patrol missions at an altitude of 5,000m to 10,000m.”

“A-50在5000米至10000米的高空执行巡逻任务。”

 

The aircraft can also be protected from the enemy’s fighter aircraft via guidance of friendly fighters.

飞机也可以通过友军战斗机的引导来保护飞机免受敌人战斗机的攻击。

 

The aircraft radio and electronics systems are robust against hostile jamming and provide good combat performance in dense electronic countermeasures environments.

飞机无线电和电子系统能够对抗敌人干扰，并在密集的电子对抗环境中提供良好的作战性能。

 

Flight control and navigation

飞行控制和导航

 

The aircraft is fitted with the NPK-T flight control and navigation system used to ensure air navigation during all flight stages in all-weather day and night and all-year operations performed at all geographical latitudes. The system also provides flight control and navigation data intended for mission specific systems and equipment.

该飞机配备了NPK-T飞行控制和导航系统，用于确保在全天候昼夜飞行的所有飞行阶段以及在所有地理纬度执行的全年操作中的空中导航。该系统还为特定任务系统和设备提供飞行控制和导航数据。

 

Performance

性能

 

The A-50 carries out patrol missions at an altitude of 5,000m to 10,000m. The patrol service ceiling is 10km. The maximum flight range of the aircraft is 5,000km and the flight endurance is seven hours 40 minutes. At a range of 2,000km, the A-50 can remain on patrol for up to one hour 25 minutes.

A-50在5000米至10000米的高空执行巡逻任务。巡逻升限为10公里。该飞机的最大飞行里程为5000公里，飞行续航时间为7小时40分钟。在2000公里的航程内，A-50可以保持巡逻长达1小时25分钟。

 

The aircraft is manned by five flight crew and ten mission crew. The maximum take-off weight of the aircraft is 170,000kg. It can travel at a maximum speed of 800km/h.

这架飞机由五名飞行机组人员和十名任务机组人员驾驶。这架飞机的最大起飞重量为170吨。它可以以800公里/小时的最高速度飞行。