The Type 86 is a Chinese copy of the Russian BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle, which was first introduced in the early 1960s. Although the BMP-1 was regarded as a formidable weapon system when first introduced, the Type 86 has become obsolete in the modern land battlefield.
86式是俄国BMP-1步兵战车的一种中国仿造型，在1960年早期被首次引进。虽然当首次引进的时候，BMP-1是被认为是一个强大的武器系统，但是86式已经在现代化陆地战场中变得陈旧。

The NORINCO WZ501 (PLA designation Type 86) is a Chinese copy of the Russian BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), which was first introduced in the 1960s. The Type 86 entered service with the PLA in the late 1980s as the primary infantry fighting vehicle to accompany the main battle tank in the battlefield, with around 2,000~3,000 examples built. NORINCO has also developed a range of variants with different weapon configurations.
中国北方工业总公司（NORINCO）WZ501型（PLA指定为86式）是俄国BMP-1步兵战车（IFV）的一种中国仿造型，在1960年内被首次引进。86式在1980年后期进入PLA服役被当做最主要的步兵战车在战场上伴随主战坦克，并且大约制造了2,000~3,000辆。中国北方工业总公司（NORINCO）也已经采用不同的武器配置发展多种改型。

 

PROGRAMME
计划

 

China obtained some examples of the Soviet BMP-1 infantry fighting vehicle from the Middle East in the late 1970s. Reverse engineering of the vehicle possible began in the early 1980s. In the 1986 the WZ-501 IFV, which is the Chinese copy of the BMP-1, received its design certificate and was designed by the PLA Type 86. The batch production began in 1987, and the vehicle entered operational service in the late 1980s. Most Type 86s are fielded by the heavy armour units deployed in Northern China. The PLA Marine Corps is also equipped with this vehicle for amphibious assault operation.

中国在1970年后期从中东获得了苏联BMP-1步兵战车的一些样车。车辆的反向工程可能在1980年早期开始。在1986年BMP-1的中国仿造WZ-501型IFV收到它的设计证明书和被PLA指定为86式。批量生产在1987年开始，而且车辆在1980年后期进入了操作服役。1986年被重装甲单位守备部署在中国北方。PLA海军陆战队为水陆两栖攻击操作也装备这一种车辆。

 

Early speculation that the Type 86 would only serve as a stopgap before a more modernised indigenous design became available has been proven incorrect. Despite being an obsolete design, the Type 86’s production probably lasted well beyond 2000. It is estimated that at least 2,000~3,000 vehicles have been delivered to the PLA. NORINCO has also developed a range of improved variants with different weapon arrangements. The vehicle is expected to be replaced by the second-generation IFV currently under development.

 

When first introduced, the BMP-1 was regarded as a formidable weapon system. It has the range and speed necessary to keep up with the fast-moving tanks it normally follows in offensive formations. Its onboard weapons suppress those of most Western armoured vehicles of the same age. However, by the time the Type 86 entered service the design had become obsolete. The thin armour of the vehicle makes it extremely vulnerable to ATGM and tank fire in the battlefield. Due to the compactness of the vehicle, critical areas such as the engine compartment and ammunition storage area (on the right side), fuel cells (in the rear doors), and the troop compartment are located in such a manner that penetration anywhere on the vehicle normally will result in a mobility, firepower, or personnel kill.

当开始引进的时候，BMP-1是考虑被当做一种强大的武器系统。它的行程和速度必需赶上快速-正常移动坦克正常的跟随在攻击区域后。它的车载武器压制最大多数的西方相同时期的装甲车辆。然而，在时间进入86式服役时已经变成陈旧。车辆的薄装甲使它极易受到战场上反坦克导弹（ATGM）和坦克炮火的伤害。由于车辆重要部位例如发动机舱和弹药储存区（在右边上），燃料电池（在后车门）和军队舱的位置紧凑，以致于车辆无论何处被穿透将会造成行进系统、火力系统毁损或人员杀伤。

 

VARIANTS
改型

 

WZ501 - Basic variant IFV with a one-man turret, which houses a 73mm low-pressure smoothbore gun and a HJ-73 ATGM rail launcher. The vehicle is generally identical to the Russian BMP-1 

WZ503 - Armoured personnel carrier (APC) variant with main weapon replaced by a 12.7mm machine gun. Prototype only. 

WZ504 - HJ-73B ATGM launch vehicle. Four HJ-73B missiles and optical sights are carried in a retractable weapon station, which can be hidden in the troop compartment when not in use. Basic ammunition load is 16 rounds. Prototype only. 

WZ505 - Also known as Type 86-I. IFV with a one-man turret, which houses an indigenous 25mm automatic cannon and a coaxial 7.62mm Type 59 machinegun 

WZ506 - Armoured command vehicle 

NFV-1 IFV - A China-U.S. co-operation project in the 1980s that fits an FMC 25mm 'Bushmaster' automatic cannon on a Type 86 IFV hull, carrying 8 troops. Prototype only. 

Type 86B - Amphibious variant based on the WZ501. The vehicle is fitted with a front wave fence and an external boat motor to improve its swimming performance. In service with the PLA Marine Corps 

Type 86G - The latest improved variant fitted with a 30mm cannon turret and a HJ-73 ATGM launcher. Prototype only. 

 

WZ501-采用一个单人炮塔基本型IFV，装有73毫米低膛压滑膛炮和一具HJ-73反坦克导弹（ATGM）导轨发射装置。车辆一般地与俄国BMP-1相同。

WZ503-采用一挺12.7毫米机枪代替主武器的装甲人员输送车（APC）改型。只设计原型。 

WZ504-HJ-73B反坦克导弹（ATGM）发射车。四枚HJ-73B导弹和光学瞄准器在一个可缩回的武器站中携带，当不使用的时候能在军队舱中隐藏。基本的弹药负载是16发。只设计原型。 

WZ505- IFV也采用一个单人炮塔即是86I式。装有本国生产的25毫米自动火炮和一挺同轴7.62毫米59式机枪。

WZ506- 装甲指挥车。

NFV-1 IFV- 在1980年的一个中国-美国合作计划，在86式IFV车体上安装一门FMC 25毫米“毒蛇”（Bushmaster）自动火炮，携带8名军人。只设计原型。 

86B式- 基于WZ501型的水陆两栖改型。车辆配备有一个前波浪挡板和一个外部艇用发动机去改良它的浮渡性能。在PLA海军陆战队服役中。

86G式- 最新的改进型，采用一门30毫米炮塔和装有一具HJ-73反坦克导弹（ATGM）发射装置。只设计原型。 

WZ504 anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) combat vehicle carries 16 HJ-73 missiles. The vehicle did not enter batch production due to lack of interest from domestic or foreign customers.
WZ504型反坦导弹（ATGM）战斗车辆携带16枚HJ-73导弹。车辆没有进入批量生产，由于国内或国外客户缺乏兴趣。


The WZ505 (Type 86-I) is fitted with an one-man 25mm automatic cannon turret and 7.62mm Type 59 coaxial machinegun.
WZ505型（86-I式）配备有一门单人25 毫米自动炮塔和7.62 毫米59式同轴机枪。


WZ506型装甲指挥车辆设计用于一个装甲师或营的指挥官。车辆为与友军单位通信配备有附加的长途无线电。


The PLA Marine Corps is equipped with the Type 86B with enhanced amphibious travelling performance.
PLA海军陆战队装备使用86B型具有增强水陆两栖行进性能。


The Type 86B is fitted with a front wave fence and an external boat motor at rear for improved swimming capability. These modifications enable the vehicle to approach the shore quickly in amphibious operation.
为改良浮渡能力86B式配备有一个前挡波板和在后部一台外部艇用发动机。这些修改使车辆能够在水陆两栖操作中很快地接近海岸。


The latest Type 86G features a newly developed 30mm cannon turret with improved fire-control and sight vision. This design was initially for the export market but may be adopted by the PLA in the future.
最新的86G式特点是一门新发展的30毫米炮塔采用改进火控和瞄准器。这一种设计最初是用于出口市场但是可能将来被PLA采用。

 

DESIGN
设计

 

The liquid-cooled diesel engine is located at the right front of the hull, while the driver's hatch is at the left front, directly in front of the commander's hatch which mounts an IR searchlight. The gunner's hatch is on the left side of the low turret roof. To the rear of the turret there are four large hatches in the roof of the troop compartment, as well as two large exit doors in the rear. There are four firing ports in each side of the troop compartment and one in the left rear door, which allow the infantrymen to fire assault rifles and light machine guns from inside the vehicle on the move.

 

The Type 86 has six unevenly spaced road wheels, with three track support rollers and a front drive sprocket. The vehicle is amphibious, propelled through water by its tracks. The amphibious Type 86B has an outboard boat motor to increase its performance in the sea.

 

The vehicle has a three-man crew, including the vehicle commander, who becomes the squad leader when the infantry passengers dismount through the rear exit doors.

车辆组员三名，包括车辆指挥官，当步兵乘员使用后面的出口门下车时候担任班领导。

 

WEAPONS

 

The basic variant Type 86 IFV has a 73mm low-pressure smoothbore anti-tank gun, firing two types of rounds including rocket-assisted, fin-stabilised HEAT (High-Explosive Anti-Tank) rounds and fin-stabilised HE anti-personnel rounds. The main gun is equipped with an automatic loader. The max range of HEAT and HE rounds are 1,300m and 2,900m respectively. The max rate of fire is 8 rounds/min. The vehicle carries 40 rounds (20 HEAT and 20 HE) in the turret, and has an infrared searchlight, periscopes, and sights for night operations.

 

A rail launcher for the HJ-73 ATGM is located above the gun for longer range antitank capability (up to 3,000m). The vehicle carries 4 missiles in the turret. Auxiliary weapon is a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun mounted in the turret.

 

There are nine ball-swivel firing ports in the vehicle hull, four on each side of the vehicle and one on the rear hatch cover. Cartridge cases are collected in the bags under the firing port, and the troop compartment is fitted with fume extractor fans.

 

The troop passengers can also carry two 7.62mm squad machine guns, a 40mm rocket propelled grenade (RPG) launcher, and a HN-5 or QW-1 shoulder-launched air-defence missile launcher.

军队乘员也能携带二挺7.62毫米班用机枪，一个40毫米火箭推进榴弹（RPG）发射装置和一套HN-5或QW-1肩射防空导弹发射装置。

 

PROTECTION
保护

 

Armour protection against 7.62mm calibre weapon systems is provided all round on the vehicle. When buttoned up, crew and passengers have NBC protection in the pressurised and filtered hull, which allows them to operate regardless of the outside environment. In addition, the vehicle has fire-fighting equipment and a capability to make its own smoke screen by injecting diesel fuel into the exhaust manifold.

 

PROPULSION
推进

 

The Type 86 is powered by a 6V150 4-stroke water-cooled diesel engine with a standard power of 215kW (292hp) at 2,600r/min.

 

The vehicle has 5 forward and 1 reverse gears, with mechanical gear box. Torsion bar suspensions with hydraulic shock absorbers on the 1st and 6th roadwheels of both sides.

 

SPECIFICATIONS

 

Crew: 3 (commander, driver, gunner)

Passenger: 8 infantry soldiers

Type: Tracked, armoured, limited amphibious capability

Weight: 13.3 tonnes

Engine: 292hp 6V150 4-stroke water-cooled diesel

Transmission: Mechanical

Suspension: Torsion bar suspensions with hydraulic shock absorbers

Radio: Radio set and telephone

Dimension: Length: 6.74m; Height: 1.92m; Width: 2.97m 

Cruising Range: Road 410~510km; Swim 100km

Max Speed: Road 65km/h; Swim 7~8km/h

Average Speed: Road 40~45km/h; Off-road 31~35km/h

Weapon: (Basic variant IFV) 73mm smoothbore gun, HJ-73 ATGM, 12.7mm coaxial machine gun

 

组员： 3 名（指挥官、驾驶员、炮手）

乘员： 8 名步兵士兵

类型： 履带、装甲、有限的水陆两栖能力

重量： 13.3 吨

发动机： 292 马力 6V150型4冲程水冷柴油发动机

传动： 机械式

悬挂： 扭力杆悬挂和液压减震器

无线电： 无线电台和电话

尺寸： 长度 6.74 米；高度 1.92 米；宽度 2.97 米

行程： 道路 410~510 公里；浮渡 100 公里

最大速度： 道路 65 公里/小时；浮渡 7~8 公里/小时

平均速度： 道路 40~45 公里/小时；越野 31~35 公里/小时

武器： （基本型 IFV）73 毫米滑膛炮，HJ-73反坦克导弹（ATGM），12.7 毫米同轴机枪